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article .research-hypotheses h3{font-size:1.17rem!important}#research-r07-release.iict-journal article .research-hypotheses p{font-size:1rem!important}}\n\n\/* IICT VISUALES FINAL 20261106 *\/\n#research-r07-release.iict-journal article .iict-journal-table thead{display:table-header-group!important;position:static!important;inset:auto!important;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;overflow:visible!important;clip:auto!important;clip-path:none!important;visibility:visible!important;opacity:1!important}\n#research-r07-release.iict-journal article .iict-journal-table table caption{position:sticky!important;left:0!important;width:min(42rem,calc(100vw - 5rem))!important;max-width:100%!important;white-space:normal!important;overflow-wrap:break-word!important;hyphens:auto!important}\n@media(max-width:700px){#research-r07-release.iict-journal article .iict-journal-table tbody th{width:clamp(8rem,42vw,14rem)!important;max-width:14rem!important;white-space:normal!important}}\n\/* \/IICT VISUALES FINAL *\/\n<\/style>\n<nav class=\"research-languages\" aria-label=\"Language\"><a href=\"#r07-es\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><a href=\"#r07-en\">English \u00b7 full article<\/a><a href=\"#r07-fr\">Fran\u00e7ais \u00b7 article int\u00e9gral<\/a><\/nav><!-- IICT-CITE-CSS --><style>.iict-citation{display:block!important;max-width:780px!important;margin:2.8rem auto!important;padding:1.6rem 1.7rem!important;border-block:1px solid #b6a06b!important;border-left:2px solid #a58a47!important;background:#edf0e7!important;color:#344c53!important;grid-column:1\/-1!important}.iict-citation h2{display:block!important;margin:0 0 1.1rem!important;font:400 1.65rem\/1.25 Georgia,serif!important;color:#264b61!important;text-align:left!important;letter-spacing:0!important}.iict-citation p,.iict-citation blockquote{display:block!important;margin:0 0 1rem!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important;background:none!important;text-align:left!important;text-indent:0!important;letter-spacing:normal!important;hyphens:none!important}.iict-citation p{font:400 .93rem\/1.7 var(--sans,system-ui,sans-serif)!important}.iict-citation blockquote{font:400 1.08rem\/1.8 Georgia,serif!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere!important}.iict-citation a{display:inline!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere!important;color:#264b61!important}.iict-citation .iict-citation-label{font:400 .72rem\/1.6 var(--sans,system-ui,sans-serif)!important;letter-spacing:.08em!important;text-transform:uppercase!important;color:#596b58!important}.iict-citation-policy li{margin-block:.7rem!important;font:400 1rem\/1.75 Georgia,serif!important}.iict-citation-policy ol{padding-left:1.3rem!important}.iict-citation-policy .iict-citation-format{font:400 1.02rem\/1.8 Georgia,serif!important}.iict-citation a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #a58a47;outline-offset:4px}@media(max-width:650px){.iict-citation{padding:1.3rem 1.1rem!important;margin:2rem auto!important}.iict-citation h2{font-size:1.5rem!important}.iict-citation blockquote{font-size:1rem!important}}<\/style><!-- \/IICT-CITE-CSS --><article id=\"r07-es\" lang=\"es\"><p class=\"eyebrow\">Investigaciones del Totonacapan \u00b7 La regi\u00f3n que vive hoy<\/p><h1>Seguridad cotidiana y vulnerabilidades: lo que los datos permiten decir<\/h1><p class=\"research-deck\">Registros, experiencias y percepciones: tres formas de observar la seguridad sin confundirlas ni convertir los municipios en un ranking.<\/p><div class=\"research-abstract\"><h2>En pocas palabras<\/h2><p>La seguridad se vive al salir de casa, abrir un negocio, trasladarse o regresar de noche. Para estudiarla necesitamos distinguir los delitos registrados por las fiscal\u00edas, la victimizaci\u00f3n estimada mediante encuesta y la percepci\u00f3n de inseguridad. Cada fuente responde una pregunta diferente.<\/p><p>Este art\u00edculo sigue dos categor\u00edas de delitos en seis municipios. Compara los a\u00f1os completos de 2023 a 2025 y, por separado, enero\u2013septiembre de 2025 y 2026. Explica c\u00f3mo adaptar la comparaci\u00f3n al nuevo registro de 2026. Tambi\u00e9n muestra c\u00f3mo leer la ENVIPE 2026 de Puebla y Veracruz: sus estimaciones corresponden a cada estado, no a un municipio concreto.<\/p><\/div><p><span class=\"research-method\">Corte documental: 5 de noviembre de 2026. Datos municipales SESNSP, versi\u00f3n septiembre 2026, publicada el 16 de octubre; ENVIPE publicada el 10 de septiembre de 2026. Selecci\u00f3n intencional de seis contextos, no delimitaci\u00f3n oficial ni muestra representativa del Totonacapan. An\u00e1lisis documental y c\u00e1lculos de esta edici\u00f3n; sin entrevistas ni investigaci\u00f3n de casos individuales.<\/span><\/p><figure class=\"research-visual\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/iict-territorio-sierra-cuetzalan-20261104.jpg\" alt=\"Paisaje urbano y serrano de Cuetzalan, fotografiado en 2008.\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1442\"><figcaption><strong>La vida cotidiana tiene un territorio<\/strong>Cuetzalan \u00b7 CiroCuesta \u00b7 29.03.2008 \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tarde_en_Cuetzalan.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>. Paisaje de contexto; no documenta un delito ni identifica v\u00edctimas o responsables.<\/figcaption><\/figure><section><h2>Tres lentes para una pregunta cotidiana<\/h2><p>Una cifra de denuncias no cuenta todas las experiencias de inseguridad. Una encuesta tampoco reproduce el registro de una fiscal\u00eda. Y sentirse inseguro no equivale a haber sufrido un delito durante el periodo estudiado. Las tres observaciones importan, precisamente porque permiten examinar dimensiones diferentes de la vida cotidiana.<\/p><p>Los datos municipales de esta p\u00e1gina corresponden a Cuetzalan del Progreso y Huehuetla, en Puebla, y a Espinal, Papantla, Poza Rica de Hidalgo y Tecolutla, en Veracruz. Se eligieron para contrastar sierra, tierras bajas, corredor urbano y costa. No se ordenan por peligrosidad. Los n\u00fameros no describen a cada barrio, carretera, visitante o habitante, ni permiten atribuir conductas a una comunidad.<sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-visual\"><ol class=\"r-flow\"><li><strong>Registro<\/strong>Delitos que entran en carpetas; clasificaci\u00f3n y fecha de apertura.<\/li><li><strong>Victimizaci\u00f3n<\/strong>Experiencias estimadas mediante una encuesta probabil\u00edstica.<\/li><li><strong>Percepci\u00f3n<\/strong>C\u00f3mo las personas valoran la seguridad de su entorno.<\/li><\/ol><figcaption>Tres lentes complementarias. Ninguna se convierte autom\u00e1ticamente en las otras. 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p{font-size:15px!important}}<\/style>\n<figure class=\"iict-viz viz-lenses\" id=\"iict-viz-r07-es\" lang=\"es\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-viz-r07-es-title\"><header><div class=\"viz-kicker\"><span>Cuadernos visuales<\/span><span>R07 \u00b7 01<\/span><\/div><h3 id=\"iict-viz-r07-es-title\">Lo registrado, lo vivido y lo percibido<\/h3><p>Tres lentes que ampl\u00edan la mirada sin medir exactamente lo mismo.<\/p><\/header><div class=\"viz-art\" style=\"--viz-cols:3\"><div class=\"viz-cell\"><svg class=\"viz-line-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 280 110\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M30 105h220\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9b77f\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.55\"><path d=\"M90 14h82l22 22v60H90z\"\/><path d=\"M172 14v22h22M106 47h64M106 59h56M106 71h65M106 83h38\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span class=\"viz-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><h4>Registro<\/h4><p>Hechos que ingresan en el registro de las fiscal\u00edas.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"viz-cell\"><svg class=\"viz-line-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 280 110\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M30 105h220\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9b77f\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.55\"><circle cx=\"140\" cy=\"31\" r=\"13\"\/><path d=\"M115 84V65q0-17 25-17t25 17v19M95 42a10 10 0 1 1 0-20M185 42a10 10 0 1 0 0-20M77 87V65q0-17 25-17M203 87V65q0-17-25-17M111 95h58\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span class=\"viz-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><h4>Victimizaci\u00f3n<\/h4><p>Experiencias estimadas mediante una encuesta y su metodolog\u00eda.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"viz-cell\"><svg class=\"viz-line-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 280 110\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M30 105h220\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9b77f\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.55\"><path d=\"M80 22h120v56h-67l-24 20V78H80zM98 42h84M98 57h62\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span class=\"viz-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><h4>Percepci\u00f3n<\/h4><p>C\u00f3mo responden las personas a preguntas sobre inseguridad.<\/p><\/div><\/div><figcaption>Las estimaciones estatales de ENVIPE no se convierten en cifras municipales.<span class=\"viz-source\">S\u00edntesis visual original del Instituto \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-es-sources\">Fuentes y contraste<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Qu\u00e9 cuenta el registro, cu\u00e1ndo y d\u00f3nde<\/h2><p>El Registro Nacional de Incidencia Delictiva distingue carpetas de investigaci\u00f3n, delitos y v\u00edctimas. Una carpeta puede contener varios delitos y un hecho puede tener varias v\u00edctimas. Aqu\u00ed se cuentan delitos registrados en la base municipal: no personas asesinadas, denuncias individuales, condenas ni todos los hechos ocurridos.<\/p><p>El manual RNID registra el mes en que se abri\u00f3 la carpeta y el municipio donde ocurri\u00f3 el hecho. Ese municipio no se sustituye por la sede de la fiscal\u00eda que recibe el asunto. El mes de registro tampoco tiene por qu\u00e9 ser el mes en que sucedi\u00f3. Cuando despu\u00e9s se reclasifica un caso o se a\u00f1aden datos, puede corregirse el mes original de apertura. Por eso esta edici\u00f3n identifica qu\u00e9 versi\u00f3n descarg\u00f3, incluso al comparar a\u00f1os ya cerrados.<sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><section><h2>Dos periodos de observaci\u00f3n, sin convertir nueve meses en un a\u00f1o<\/h2><p>La primera tabla re\u00fane a\u00f1os completos de 2023, 2024 y 2025. La segunda compara enero\u2013septiembre de 2025 con los mismos nueve meses de 2026. Se muestran homicidio doloso y extorsi\u00f3n consumada porque la nota oficial establece una continuidad conceptual que puede verificarse con reglas concretas. No se suman todas las categor\u00edas como si el cambio de registro hubiera dejado intacto el cat\u00e1logo entero.<\/p><p>En Papantla, el homicidio doloso registrado pasa de 24 a 27 entre los dos periodos de nueve meses; en Espinal, de cuatro a ocho. En Tecolutla pasa de seis a tres. Son cambios en delitos registrados dentro de esos intervalos, no estimaciones de riesgo individual. En n\u00fameros peque\u00f1os, uno o dos registros cambian mucho un porcentaje; por eso presentamos cantidades y periodos, sin proyectar un cierre anual de 2026.<sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Delitos registrados \u00b7 a\u00f1os completos 2023\u20132025\" style=\"--journal-table-min:40rem\"><table><caption>Delitos registrados \u00b7 a\u00f1os completos 2023\u20132025<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Municipio \u00b7 categor\u00eda<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2023<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2024<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2025<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">3<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">3<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">3<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">4<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">21<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">8<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">25<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">16<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">11<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">42<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">18<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">17<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">36<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">24<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">22<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">9<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">7<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Mismos nueve meses \u00b7 enero\u2013septiembre\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>Mismos nueve meses \u00b7 enero\u2013septiembre<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Municipio \u00b7 categor\u00eda<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2025<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2026<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">4<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">24<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">27<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">7<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">14<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">20<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">18<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Homicidio doloso<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">6<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Extorsi\u00f3n consumada<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><p><span class=\"r-small\">Fuente: SESNSP, corte septiembre 2026. Conteos de delitos, no v\u00edctimas. Extorsi\u00f3n 2026: suma de presencial y por otros medios, sin tentativas. Los ceros son registros nulos en la selecci\u00f3n, no prueba de ausencia de hechos. No se compara un a\u00f1o completo con nueve meses.<\/span><\/p><section><figure class=\"iict-plate\" id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-es\" lang=\"es\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-a-es-title\" style=\"--plate-cols:3\"><div class=\"plate-top\"><p class=\"plate-kicker\">Cuaderno ilustrado \u00b7 I<\/p><h3 id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-es-title\">Antes de comparar, colocar el tiempo<\/h3><\/div><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"plate-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 750 420\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-a-es-art-title iict-plate-r07-a-es-art-desc\"><title id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-es-art-title\">Antes de comparar, colocar el tiempo<\/title><desc id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-es-art-desc\">1. Un a\u00f1o completo tiene doce meses observados. 2. Enero\u2013septiembre re\u00fane nueve meses observados. 3. Comparar periodos equivalentes precede a interpretar un cambio. Intervalos ilustrados con la misma escala mensual; los tres meses abiertos no son una estimaci\u00f3n de delitos futuros.<\/desc><defs><pattern id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-es-grain\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" width=\"17\" height=\"19\"><circle cx=\"2\" cy=\"3\" r=\".6\" fill=\"#a9a384\" opacity=\".15\"\/><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"14\" r=\".5\" fill=\"#b3a98a\" opacity=\".16\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"750\" height=\"420\" fill=\"url(#iict-plate-r07-a-es-grain)\"\/><rect x=\"81\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"98\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1<\/text><rect x=\"130\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"147\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2<\/text><rect x=\"179\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"196\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3<\/text><rect x=\"228\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"245\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">4<\/text><rect x=\"277\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"294\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">5<\/text><rect x=\"326\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"343\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">6<\/text><rect x=\"375\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"392\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">7<\/text><rect x=\"424\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"441\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">8<\/text><rect x=\"473\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"490\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">9<\/text><rect x=\"522\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"539\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">10<\/text><rect x=\"571\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"588\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">11<\/text><rect x=\"620\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"637\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">12<\/text><rect x=\"81\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"130\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"179\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"228\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"277\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"326\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"375\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"424\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"473\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"522\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#b8ae90\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"571\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#b8ae90\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"620\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#b8ae90\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"39\" cy=\"145\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"39\" y=\"153\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1<\/text><circle cx=\"39\" cy=\"280\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"39\" y=\"288\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2<\/text><circle cx=\"705\" cy=\"343\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"705\" y=\"351\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3<\/text><path d=\"M89 345 H665 M89 337 V353 M665 337 V353\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/><\/svg><ol class=\"plate-legend\"><li>Un a\u00f1o completo tiene doce meses observados.<\/li><li>Enero\u2013septiembre re\u00fane nueve meses observados.<\/li><li>Comparar periodos equivalentes precede a interpretar un cambio.<\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"plate-caption\">Intervalos ilustrados con la misma escala mensual; los tres meses abiertos no son una estimaci\u00f3n de delitos futuros. \u00b7 Ilustraci\u00f3n original del Instituto \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-es-sources\">Fuentes y contraste<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>El cambio de 2026: armonizar, no pegar columnas<\/h2><p>La nota metodol\u00f3gica del SESNSP no declara incomparables todas las series. Para homicidio doloso mantiene la continuidad del subtipo; las tentativas deben quedar fuera. En extorsi\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n permite una comparaci\u00f3n, siempre que se respete el alcance de la categor\u00eda y se excluyan las nuevas tentativas. Otras clasificaciones requieren reglas propias.<\/p><p>El archivo de datos CSV revela un detalle que cambia la lectura de la tabla. En 2026, el campo \u00abSubtipo de delito\u00bb contiene \u00abExtorsi\u00f3n presencial\u00bb y \u00abExtorsi\u00f3n por otros medios\u00bb. Aqu\u00ed se suman ambos subtipos consumados, con todas sus modalidades. Se excluyen \u00abTentativa de extorsi\u00f3n presencial\u00bb y \u00abTentativa de extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios\u00bb. Buscar solo el nombre antiguo \u00abExtorsi\u00f3n\u00bb habr\u00eda dejado la selecci\u00f3n sin filas: eso no significa que el dato real sea cero.<sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Puente de clasificaci\u00f3n aplicado a extorsi\u00f3n\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>Puente de clasificaci\u00f3n aplicado a extorsi\u00f3n<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Antes de 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Campo real en 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Operaci\u00f3n de esta edici\u00f3n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Extorsi\u00f3n<\/th><td data-label=\"Campo real en 2026\">Subtipo: Extorsi\u00f3n presencial + Extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios<\/td><td data-label=\"Operaci\u00f3n de esta edici\u00f3n\">Sumar ambos subtipos consumados y sus modalidades.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tentativas fuera del alcance comparable<\/th><td data-label=\"Campo real en 2026\">Tentativa de extorsi\u00f3n presencial \/ Tentativa de extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios<\/td><td data-label=\"Operaci\u00f3n de esta edici\u00f3n\">Excluir de esta comparaci\u00f3n.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><section><h2>Cantidades, poblaci\u00f3n y la tentaci\u00f3n de ordenar municipios<\/h2><p>Los municipios tampoco tienen el mismo tama\u00f1o. Con referencia al Censo 2020, el cat\u00e1logo del INEGI registra 17 082 habitantes en Huehuetla y 189 457 en Poza Rica. Contar delitos y calcular una tasa son, por eso, operaciones distintas. Una tasa necesita una poblaci\u00f3n con la que comparar el recuento: para 2026 har\u00eda falta la del municipio en ese mismo a\u00f1o, obtenida con una metodolog\u00eda identificada.<\/p><p>Por ese motivo no dividimos los registros de 2026 entre la poblaci\u00f3n de 2020 ni presentamos el resultado como un riesgo actual. Incluso con una poblaci\u00f3n actualizada, una tasa administrativa medir\u00eda delitos registrados por habitantes, no la probabilidad exacta de que una persona sufra un hecho. Tambi\u00e9n importan la movilidad, la poblaci\u00f3n flotante, la composici\u00f3n de los delitos y la variabilidad de n\u00fameros peque\u00f1os.<sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><aside class=\"r-banner\"><h3>El denominador tambi\u00e9n tiene fecha<\/h3><p>Poblaci\u00f3n Censo 2020: Cuetzalan del Progreso 49,864; Huehuetla 17,082; Espinal 26,830; Papantla 159,910; Poza Rica de Hidalgo 189,457; Tecolutla 24,551. F\u00f3rmula de una tasa anual: delitos registrados del a\u00f1o \/ poblaci\u00f3n municipal de ese mismo a\u00f1o \u00d7 100 000. Aqu\u00ed no se calcula una tasa de 2026 con estos datos de 2020.<\/p><\/aside><section><h2>La encuesta a\u00f1ade experiencias que no llegan al registro<\/h2><p>La ENVIPE 2026 estima delitos sufridos durante 2025 y recoge percepci\u00f3n entre febrero y abril de 2026. Se dirige a personas de 18 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s residentes en viviendas particulares. Sus resultados estatales permiten comparar Puebla y Veracruz; no son estimaciones de los seis municipios seleccionados. La fecha de publicaci\u00f3n, el a\u00f1o de victimizaci\u00f3n y el periodo de percepci\u00f3n deben mantenerse separados.<\/p><p>Para 2025, la encuesta estima 41 876 delitos por cada 100 000 personas adultas en Puebla y 23 417 en Veracruz. Cuenta delitos estimados, no v\u00edctimas: una persona puede sufrir m\u00e1s de un hecho. Los informes estatales comparan tambi\u00e9n esos resultados con 2024. En ninguno de los dos estados encuentran una variaci\u00f3n estad\u00edsticamente significativa para este indicador, es decir, pruebas estad\u00edsticas suficientes para afirmar que haya cambiado. Que dos valores sean distintos no demuestra, por s\u00ed solo, una tendencia.<sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><section><figure class=\"iict-plate\" id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-es\" lang=\"es\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-b-es-title\" style=\"--plate-cols:3\"><div class=\"plate-top\"><p class=\"plate-kicker\">Cuaderno ilustrado \u00b7 II<\/p><h3 id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-es-title\">De una experiencia a un registro<\/h3><\/div><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"plate-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 750 420\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-b-es-art-title iict-plate-r07-b-es-art-desc\"><title id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-es-art-title\">De una experiencia a un registro<\/title><desc id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-es-art-desc\">1. Una experiencia puede conocerse por encuesta. 2. Denunciar y abrir una investigaci\u00f3n son pasos diferentes. 3. El registro administrativo observa los hechos que entran en su sistema. La separaci\u00f3n entre encuesta y registro explica por qu\u00e9 sus cifras no deben confundirse; los s\u00edmbolos no cuantifican p\u00e9rdidas entre pasos.<\/desc><defs><pattern id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-es-grain\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" width=\"17\" height=\"19\"><circle cx=\"2\" cy=\"3\" r=\".6\" fill=\"#a9a384\" opacity=\".15\"\/><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"14\" r=\".5\" fill=\"#b3a98a\" opacity=\".16\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"750\" height=\"420\" fill=\"url(#iict-plate-r07-b-es-grain)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(143 190) scale(0.92)\"><path d=\"M-78 -65 H57 Q78 -65 78 -44 V26 Q78 47 58 47 H-9 L-48 84 L-38 47 H-78 Q-98 47 -98 26 V-44 Q-98 -65 -78 -65Z\" fill=\"#dfe7df\" stroke=\"#91a598\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/><path d=\"M-62 -28 H39 M-62 -2 H46 M-62 23 H11\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#9eae9c\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/><\/g><line x1=\"236\" y1=\"183\" x2=\"287\" y2=\"183\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 7\"\/><circle cx=\"287\" cy=\"183\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"319\" y=\"110\" width=\"112\" height=\"163\" rx=\"5\" fill=\"#f0e8d5\" stroke=\"#a79670\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"144\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"144\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"173\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"173\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"202\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"202\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"231\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"231\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"463\" y1=\"183\" x2=\"510\" y2=\"183\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 7\"\/><circle cx=\"510\" cy=\"183\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"539\" y=\"132\" width=\"141\" height=\"123\" rx=\"6\" fill=\"#dddcc8\" stroke=\"#a3a17f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"550\" y=\"119\" width=\"67\" height=\"26\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#e9e5d3\" stroke=\"#a3a17f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"585\" y=\"179\" width=\"46\" height=\"22\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#a3a17f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"143\" cy=\"334\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"143\" y=\"342\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1<\/text><circle cx=\"375\" cy=\"334\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"375\" y=\"342\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2<\/text><circle cx=\"610\" cy=\"334\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"610\" y=\"342\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3<\/text><\/svg><ol class=\"plate-legend\"><li>Una experiencia puede conocerse por encuesta.<\/li><li>Denunciar y abrir una investigaci\u00f3n son pasos diferentes.<\/li><li>El registro administrativo observa los hechos que entran en su sistema.<\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"plate-caption\">La separaci\u00f3n entre encuesta y registro explica por qu\u00e9 sus cifras no deben confundirse; los s\u00edmbolos no cuantifican p\u00e9rdidas entre pasos. \u00b7 Ilustraci\u00f3n original del Instituto \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-es-sources\">Fuentes y contraste<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Cifra oculta y percepci\u00f3n: ampliar la mirada sin fabricar cifras<\/h2><p>La cifra oculta estimada para 2025 es del 93,1 % en Puebla y del 96,3 % en Veracruz. El indicador incluye delitos no denunciados, aquellos para los que no se inici\u00f3 carpeta y los casos no especificados. No corresponde solamente a \u201cpersonas que no denunciaron\u201d. Tampoco puede usarse como un multiplicador para inflar los registros de Papantla o Cuetzalan: cambian la poblaci\u00f3n, la escala y el conjunto de delitos.<\/p><p>En percepci\u00f3n de 2026, el 82,4 % de la poblaci\u00f3n adulta de Puebla y el 80,9 % de la de Veracruz considera inseguro su estado. Cuando la pregunta se refiere a su colonia o localidad, los porcentajes son 43,3 % y 32,7 %. Son respuestas de poblaciones estatales acerca de escalas distintas. El contraste muestra que una apreciaci\u00f3n del estado y la experiencia del entorno cercano no se pueden intercambiar; no mide la percepci\u00f3n particular de un municipio.<sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 resultados estatales, poblaci\u00f3n de 18 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 resultados estatales, poblaci\u00f3n de 18 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicador y periodo<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Puebla<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Veracruz<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Incidencia estimada 2025 \u00b7 delitos por 100 000 adultos<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">41,876<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">23,417<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cifra oculta 2025 \u00b7 % de delitos estimados<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">93,1 %<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">96,3 %<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Considera inseguro su estado \u00b7 febrero\u2013abril 2026<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">82,4 %<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">80,9 %<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Considera insegura su colonia\/localidad \u00b7 febrero\u2013abril 2026<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">43,3 %<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">32,7 %<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><p><span class=\"r-small\">Fuentes: INEGI, informes ENVIPE 2026 de Puebla y Veracruz, pp. 13\u201314, 32\u201333 y 41. El indicador de colonia\/localidad sigue siendo una estimaci\u00f3n sobre la poblaci\u00f3n del estado; no se convierte en resultado municipal. Incidencia, cifra oculta y percepci\u00f3n tienen unidades distintas.<\/span><\/p><section><section class=\"iict-reading-addition\" data-kind=\"table\" id=\"iict-reading-r07-es\" lang=\"es\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-reading-r07-es-title\"><h3 id=\"iict-reading-r07-es-title\">El costo de una salida que ya no se hace<\/h3><p>La inseguridad tambi\u00e9n cambia la agenda. La ENVIPE 2026 informa que, durante 2025, el 44,7 % de las personas adultas del pa\u00eds dej\u00f3 de salir de noche por temor a sufrir un delito. Es una estimaci\u00f3n nacional sobre una actividad evitada: no una tasa de delitos de Papantla ni una descripci\u00f3n de cada familia. <a class=\"reading-ref\" href=\"#iict-reading-r07-es-source\" aria-label=\"Ver fuentes y contraste\">\u2197<\/a><\/p><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Tabla de datos\" style=\"--journal-table-min:0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dos huellas del temor<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Qu\u00e9 podemos observar<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Lo que se paga<\/th><td>Las medidas de protecci\u00f3n pueden producir un gasto en el hogar.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Lo que se deja de hacer<\/th><td>Los cambios de rutina modifican actividades y relaciones.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p>La pregunta acerca la investigaci\u00f3n a la vida diaria. Una salida cancelada puede alterar visitas, convivencia y uso del espacio p\u00fablico, aun cuando no genere una denuncia. Para comprender esa experiencia hay que mirar tambi\u00e9n aquello que deja de ocurrir.<\/p><p class=\"reading-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/saladeprensa\/boletines\/2026\/envipe\/ENVIPE2026_RR.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026, pp. 12\u201313 y 25, gr\u00e1fica 26<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-es-sources\">Fuentes y contraste<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<h2>Vulnerabilidad tambi\u00e9n es poder continuar la vida diaria<\/h2><p>La seguridad cotidiana comprende horarios, recorridos, acceso a servicios y condiciones del espacio p\u00fablico. La ENVIPE pregunta por h\u00e1bitos y entornos, adem\u00e1s de delitos. Esa combinaci\u00f3n permite investigar c\u00f3mo el temor modifica una actividad sin que todo se reduzca a contar expedientes. Identificar un problema de iluminaci\u00f3n, por ejemplo, no prueba por s\u00ed mismo la causa de un delito.<\/p><p>La pobreza, la lengua, el trabajo informal o la pertenencia cultural no permiten deducir criminalidad. Estudiar posibles relaciones exige investigaciones dise\u00f1adas para esa pregunta, datos de escalas compatibles y pruebas adicionales. Los registros, las encuestas y las percepciones se entienden mejor al volver a lo que preguntan de verdad. As\u00ed es posible discutir seguridad con precisi\u00f3n y con respeto a quienes sostienen la vida de la regi\u00f3n.<sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-es-s6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><details class=\"research-evidence\" id=\"r07-es-sources\"><summary><span class=\"evidence-kicker\">Investigaci\u00f3n abierta<\/span><strong>Fuentes y contraste<\/strong><span class=\"evidence-subtitle\">Abrir el m\u00e9todo, las diferencias entre fuentes y las referencias verificables.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"evidence-content\"><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Qu\u00e9 afirmamos, con qu\u00e9 evidencia y hasta d\u00f3nde llega.\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>Qu\u00e9 afirmamos, con qu\u00e9 evidencia y hasta d\u00f3nde llega.<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Pregunta<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Fuentes y observaciones<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contraste e interpretaci\u00f3n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u00bfCarpetas, delitos y v\u00edctimas significan lo mismo?<\/th><td data-label=\"Fuentes y observaciones\">Manual RNID v1.0, pp. PDF 18\u201322; base municipal de delitos.<\/td><td data-label=\"Contraste e interpretaci\u00f3n\">Son unidades distintas. Se suman delitos por subtipo y modalidades; no se convierten en v\u00edctimas o condenas. Un homicidio doloso registrado no equivale necesariamente a una sola v\u00edctima. Har\u00eda falta la base de v\u00edctimas para otra pregunta.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u00bfEl mes y el municipio corresponden al lugar de denuncia?<\/th><td data-label=\"Fuentes y observaciones\">Manual RNID: apertura de carpeta, municipio de ocurrencia y correcci\u00f3n retrospectiva.<\/td><td data-label=\"Contraste e interpretaci\u00f3n\">El mes es el de apertura, que puede diferir del hecho; el municipio es el de ocurrencia. La revisi\u00f3n de septiembre 2026 puede modificar a\u00f1os anteriores. Se conserva el corte y no se presenta la serie como inmutable.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u00bfTodo cambi\u00f3 de manera incompatible en 2026?<\/th><td data-label=\"Fuentes y observaciones\">Nota de comparaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica, documento completo; homicidio doloso y extorsi\u00f3n.<\/td><td data-label=\"Contraste e interpretaci\u00f3n\">La fuente permite continuidades concretas, no una suma indiscriminada. Se excluyen tentativas y se armoniza cada categor\u00eda. Los a\u00f1os completos quedan separados de la comparaci\u00f3n enero\u2013septiembre. No se afirma que el cat\u00e1logo entero sea homog\u00e9neo.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u00bfLa etiqueta del manual basta para extraer extorsi\u00f3n?<\/th><td data-label=\"Fuentes y observaciones\">Nota oficial y campos reales del CSV RNID 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Contraste e interpretaci\u00f3n\">El archivo distribuye la extorsi\u00f3n consumada entre dos subtipos: presencial y por otros medios. Ambos se suman; las tentativas se excluyen. La confrontaci\u00f3n entre explicaci\u00f3n y estructura real evita transformar un filtro vac\u00edo en un cero.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u00bfUna cantidad mayor demuestra mayor riesgo?<\/th><td data-label=\"Fuentes y observaciones\">SESNSP municipal; cat\u00e1logo INEGI con poblaci\u00f3n del Censo 2020.<\/td><td data-label=\"Contraste e interpretaci\u00f3n\">Poblaciones, movilidad y tama\u00f1os de los registros difieren. No se producen tasas de 2026 con denominadores de 2020. Incluso una tasa bien calculada ser\u00eda administrativa; no una probabilidad individual ni un ranking de peligrosidad.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u00bfLa ENVIPE puede sustituir una cifra municipal?<\/th><td data-label=\"Fuentes y observaciones\">INEGI, ENVIPE 2026, ficha y resultados de Puebla y Veracruz, pp. 13\u201314, 32\u201333 y 41.<\/td><td data-label=\"Contraste e interpretaci\u00f3n\">La encuesta estima experiencias de adultos a escala estatal y en periodos definidos. Complementa el registro, con otra poblaci\u00f3n y cobertura. No se adjudican sus porcentajes a Huehuetla, Papantla o cualquier municipio de la tabla.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u00bfLa cifra oculta permite calcular el \u201ctotal real\u201d local?<\/th><td data-label=\"Fuentes y observaciones\">ENVIPE: 93,1 % Puebla y 96,3 % Veracruz; delitos no denunciados, sin carpeta y no especificados.<\/td><td data-label=\"Contraste e interpretaci\u00f3n\">No se aplica un factor inverso a los registros municipales. Las unidades, delitos, edades y \u00e1mbitos no coinciden. La cifra oculta se\u00f1ala una limitaci\u00f3n del registro; no aporta por s\u00ed sola un estimador v\u00e1lido de cada categor\u00eda local.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u00bfPercepci\u00f3n y victimizaci\u00f3n deber\u00edan coincidir?<\/th><td data-label=\"Fuentes y observaciones\">ENVIPE: experiencias de 2025 frente a percepci\u00f3n de febrero\u2013abril de 2026, con preguntas sobre estado y colonia\/localidad.<\/td><td data-label=\"Contraste e interpretaci\u00f3n\">No son mediciones rivales de una misma variable. Una persona puede sentirse insegura sin haber sido v\u00edctima en el periodo. Se confrontan como dimensiones complementarias; el art\u00edculo no atribuye una causa que la encuesta no identifica.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><h3>Referencias y alcance de lectura<\/h3><ol class=\"research-sources\"><li id=\"r07-es-s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/sesnsp\/acciones-y-programas\/datos-abiertos-de-incidencia-delictiva?sta-te=published\">SESNSP \u00b7 Datos abiertos de incidencia delictiva \u00b7 corte septiembre 2026, publicaci\u00f3n 16.10.2026<\/a><br>Bases municipales 2015\u20132025, versi\u00f3n septiembre 2026, y RNID enero\u2013septiembre 2026. Se recorrieron los CSV completos para seleccionar seis c\u00f3digos; se sumaron modalidades, no v\u00edctimas.<\/li><li id=\"r07-es-s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/1058582\/Manual_metodol_gico_RNID_V1.0_VF__2_.pdf\">SESNSP \u00b7 Manual metodol\u00f3gico RNID \u00b7 versi\u00f3n 1.0 \u00b7 febrero 2026<\/a><br>P\u00e1ginas PDF 1\u201312, 18\u201322 y 26\u201327: unidades, fecha de apertura, municipio de ocurrencia, reclasificaciones y versiones estad\u00edsticas p\u00fablicas.<\/li><li id=\"r07-es-s3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/1059821\/Nota_metodol_gica_comparaci_n_hist_rica_RNID.pdf\">SESNSP \u00b7 Nota metodol\u00f3gica sobre comparaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica del RNID \u00b7 2026<\/a><br>Documento completo, ocho p\u00e1ginas PDF: continuidad de homicidio doloso y extorsi\u00f3n; exclusi\u00f3n de tentativas y reglas para otras categor\u00edas. Contraste adicional con los campos reales del CSV.<\/li><li id=\"r07-es-s4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/programas\/envipe\/2026\/doc\/envipe2026_pue.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 Principales resultados, Puebla \u00b7 10.09.2026<\/a><br>P\u00e1ginas PDF 13\u201314, 32\u201333 y 41: incidencia 2025, cifra oculta y percepci\u00f3n 2026. Secciones y ficha metodol\u00f3gica consultadas, no lectura \u00edntegra de las 56 p\u00e1ginas.<\/li><li id=\"r07-es-s5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/programas\/envipe\/2026\/doc\/envipe2026_ver.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 Principales resultados, Veracruz \u00b7 10.09.2026<\/a><br>P\u00e1ginas PDF 9, 13\u201314, 32\u201333 y 41\u201345: v\u00edctimas, delitos, cifra oculta y percepci\u00f3n. Mismo alcance de lectura por secciones.<\/li><li id=\"r07-es-s6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/envipe\/2026\/\">INEGI \u00b7 Encuesta Nacional de Victimizaci\u00f3n y Percepci\u00f3n sobre Seguridad P\u00fablica \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026<\/a><br>Dise\u00f1o probabil\u00edstico, poblaci\u00f3n de 18 a\u00f1os o m\u00e1s, cobertura nacional y estatal; victimizaci\u00f3n de 2025 y percepci\u00f3n de febrero\u2013abril de 2026.<\/li><li id=\"r07-es-s7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gaia.inegi.org.mx\/wscatgeo\/v2\/mgem\/30124\">INEGI \u00b7 Cat\u00e1logo \u00danico de Claves Geoestad\u00edsticas \u00b7 referencia demogr\u00e1fica Censo 2020<\/a><br>Se consultaron los seis c\u00f3digos municipales. Las poblaciones devueltas corresponden a 2020: sirven como referencia de escala y no como denominador actualizado a 2026.<\/li><\/ol><\/div><section class=\"iict-reading-source\" id=\"iict-reading-r07-es-source\" lang=\"es\"><h4>El costo de una salida que ya no se hace<\/h4><p>El reporte nacional distingue gasto preventivo y actividades abandonadas. Complementa los registros municipales; sus porcentajes no se trasladan a municipios espec\u00edficos.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/saladeprensa\/boletines\/2026\/envipe\/ENVIPE2026_RR.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026, pp. 12\u201313 y 25, gr\u00e1fica 26<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"#iict-reading-r07-es\">Volver al pasaje<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<\/details><nav class=\"research-related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1225#research-hub-es\">Volver a Investigaciones del Totonacapan \u2192<\/a><\/nav><p class=\"research-version\">Edici\u00f3n documental \u00b7 ES \/ EN \/ FR \u00b7 05.11.2026 \u00b7 v1.0<\/p><!-- IICT-CITE R07 es --><aside class=\"iict-citation\" id=\"citar-r07-es\" aria-labelledby=\"citar-r07-es-title\"><h2 id=\"citar-r07-es-title\">C\u00f3mo citar este art\u00edculo<\/h2><p class=\"iict-citation-label\">Referencia bibliogr\u00e1fica sugerida<\/p><blockquote class=\"iict-citation-reference\">Instituto Internacional de Cultura del Totonacapan. \u00abSeguridad cotidiana y vulnerabilidades: lo que los datos permiten decir\u00bb. <cite>Cuadernos de investigaci\u00f3n<\/cite>, <strong>R07<\/strong>. The Integral Management Society (IMSV). <a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1294#r07-es\">https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1294#r07-es<\/a>.<\/blockquote><p><strong>Referencia interna:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1294#r07-es\">R07<\/a>. Para citar un pasaje concreto, a\u00f1ade el t\u00edtulo de su secci\u00f3n.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1225#normas-citacion-es\">Criterios de citaci\u00f3n del Instituto \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/aside><!-- \/IICT-CITE R07 es --><\/article><details class=\"research-lang-version\" id=\"r07-en-version\"><summary>Read the full English article<\/summary><article id=\"r07-en\" lang=\"en\"><p class=\"eyebrow\">Totonacapan Research \u00b7 The region today<\/p><h1>Everyday safety and vulnerabilities: what the data can tell us<\/h1><p class=\"research-deck\">Records, experiences and perceptions: three ways of examining safety without conflating them or ranking municipalities.<\/p><div class=\"research-abstract\"><h2>At a glance<\/h2><p>Safety is experienced when leaving home, opening a business, travelling or returning at night. Studying it requires distinguishing offences recorded by prosecutors, victimization estimated through a survey and perceptions of insecurity. Each source answers a different question.<\/p><p>This investigation presents two offence categories in six municipalities, with complete years from 2023 to 2025 and a January\u2013September comparison for 2025 and 2026. It explains how to harmonise the new 2026 register and read the 2026 ENVIPE reports for Puebla and Veracruz without assigning state estimates to a particular municipality.<\/p><\/div><p><span class=\"research-method\">Documentary cutoff: 5 November 2026. SESNSP municipal data, September 2026 version published on 16 October; ENVIPE published on 10 September 2026. Purposeful selection of six settings, not an official boundary or representative sample of Totonacapan. Documentary analysis and calculations for this edition; no interviews or investigation of individual cases.<\/span><\/p><figure class=\"research-visual\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/iict-territorio-sierra-cuetzalan-20261104.jpg\" alt=\"Cuetzalan town and highland landscape, photographed in 2008.\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1442\"><figcaption><strong>Daily life has a setting<\/strong>Cuetzalan \u00b7 CiroCuesta \u00b7 29.03.2008 \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tarde_en_Cuetzalan.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>. Contextual landscape; it does not document an offence or identify victims or perpetrators.<\/figcaption><\/figure><section><h2>Three lenses for an everyday question<\/h2><p>A count of reports does not capture every experience of insecurity. A survey does not reproduce a prosecutor\u2019s register either. And feeling unsafe is not equivalent to having suffered an offence during the period studied. All three observations matter precisely because they examine different dimensions of daily life.<\/p><p>The municipal data cover Cuetzalan del Progreso and Huehuetla in Puebla, and Espinal, Papantla, Poza Rica de Hidalgo and Tecolutla in Veracruz. They were selected to compare highlands, lowlands, an urban corridor and the coast. They are not ranked by danger. The figures do not describe every neighbourhood, road, visitor or resident, and cannot attribute behaviour to a community.<sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-visual\"><ol class=\"r-flow\"><li><strong>Register<\/strong>Offences entered in case files; classification and opening date.<\/li><li><strong>Victimization<\/strong>Experiences estimated using a probability survey.<\/li><li><strong>Perception<\/strong>How people assess safety in their surroundings.<\/li><\/ol><figcaption>Three complementary lenses; none automatically converts into another. Diagram by this edition, based on SESNSP and INEGI.<\/figcaption><\/figure><section><figure class=\"iict-viz viz-lenses\" id=\"iict-viz-r07-en\" lang=\"en\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-viz-r07-en-title\"><header><div class=\"viz-kicker\"><span>Visual notebooks<\/span><span>R07 \u00b7 01<\/span><\/div><h3 id=\"iict-viz-r07-en-title\">What is recorded, experienced and perceived<\/h3><p>Three lenses that broaden the view without measuring the same thing.<\/p><\/header><div class=\"viz-art\" style=\"--viz-cols:3\"><div class=\"viz-cell\"><svg class=\"viz-line-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 280 110\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M30 105h220\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9b77f\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.55\"><path d=\"M90 14h82l22 22v60H90z\"\/><path d=\"M172 14v22h22M106 47h64M106 59h56M106 71h65M106 83h38\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span class=\"viz-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><h4>Recorded incidents<\/h4><p>Events that enter prosecutors\u2019 records.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"viz-cell\"><svg class=\"viz-line-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 280 110\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M30 105h220\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9b77f\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.55\"><circle cx=\"140\" cy=\"31\" r=\"13\"\/><path d=\"M115 84V65q0-17 25-17t25 17v19M95 42a10 10 0 1 1 0-20M185 42a10 10 0 1 0 0-20M77 87V65q0-17 25-17M203 87V65q0-17-25-17M111 95h58\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span class=\"viz-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><h4>Victimisation<\/h4><p>Experiences estimated through a survey and its methodology.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"viz-cell\"><svg class=\"viz-line-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 280 110\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M30 105h220\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9b77f\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.55\"><path d=\"M80 22h120v56h-67l-24 20V78H80zM98 42h84M98 57h62\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span class=\"viz-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><h4>Perception<\/h4><p>How people answer questions about insecurity.<\/p><\/div><\/div><figcaption>State-level ENVIPE estimates do not become municipal figures.<span class=\"viz-source\">Original visual synthesis by the Institute \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-en-sources\">Sources and comparison<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>What the register counts, when and where<\/h2><p>The National Crime Incidence Register distinguishes investigation files, offences and victims. One file can contain several offences, and an event can involve several victims. This page counts offences recorded in the municipal dataset, not people killed, individual reports, convictions or every event that occurred.<\/p><p>The RNID manual uses the month in which the investigation file was opened and the municipality where the event occurred. The location is not replaced by the office receiving the case. The recording month does not necessarily match the event month either. Later reclassifications and additions can correct the original opening month; this is why the edition identifies the downloaded version, including for completed years.<sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><section><h2>Two observation periods, without turning nine months into a year<\/h2><p>The first table contains the complete years 2023, 2024 and 2025. The second compares January\u2013September 2025 with the same nine months of 2026. It shows intentional homicide and completed extortion because the official note establishes conceptual continuity that can be checked using specific rules. It does not add every category as if the new register had left the entire classification unchanged.<\/p><p>Papantla\u2019s recorded intentional homicides rise from 24 to 27 between the two nine-month periods; Espinal\u2019s rise from four to eight. Tecolutla\u2019s fall from six to three. These are changes in recorded offences within those intervals, not estimates of individual risk. With small numbers, one or two records can change a percentage substantially, so counts and periods are presented without projecting a 2026 year-end total.<sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Recorded offences \u00b7 complete years 2023\u20132025\" style=\"--journal-table-min:40rem\"><table><caption>Recorded offences \u00b7 complete years 2023\u20132025<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Municipality \u00b7 category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2023<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2024<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2025<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">3<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">3<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">3<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">4<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">21<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">8<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">25<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">16<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">11<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">42<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">18<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">17<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">36<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">24<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">22<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">9<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">7<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"The same nine months \u00b7 January\u2013September\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>The same nine months \u00b7 January\u2013September<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Municipality \u00b7 category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2025<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2026<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">4<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">24<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">27<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">7<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">14<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">20<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">18<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Intentional homicide<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">6<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Completed extortion<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><p><span class=\"r-small\">Source: SESNSP, September 2026 version. Offence counts, not victims. Extortion in 2026 combines in-person and other-means categories, excluding attempts. Zero means zero recorded in the selection, not proof that no event occurred. A full year is not compared with nine months.<\/span><\/p><section><figure class=\"iict-plate\" id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-en\" lang=\"en\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-a-en-title\" style=\"--plate-cols:3\"><div class=\"plate-top\"><p class=\"plate-kicker\">Illustrated notebook \u00b7 I<\/p><h3 id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-en-title\">Before comparing, place the time<\/h3><\/div><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"plate-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 750 420\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-a-en-art-title iict-plate-r07-a-en-art-desc\"><title id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-en-art-title\">Before comparing, place the time<\/title><desc id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-en-art-desc\">1. A full year has twelve observed months. 2. January\u2013September covers nine observed months. 3. Comparing equivalent periods comes before interpreting change. Intervals illustrated on the same monthly scale; the three open months are not a forecast of crime.<\/desc><defs><pattern id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-en-grain\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" width=\"17\" height=\"19\"><circle cx=\"2\" cy=\"3\" r=\".6\" fill=\"#a9a384\" opacity=\".15\"\/><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"14\" r=\".5\" fill=\"#b3a98a\" opacity=\".16\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"750\" height=\"420\" fill=\"url(#iict-plate-r07-a-en-grain)\"\/><rect x=\"81\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"98\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1<\/text><rect x=\"130\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"147\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2<\/text><rect x=\"179\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"196\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3<\/text><rect x=\"228\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"245\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">4<\/text><rect x=\"277\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"294\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">5<\/text><rect x=\"326\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"343\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">6<\/text><rect x=\"375\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"392\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">7<\/text><rect x=\"424\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"441\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">8<\/text><rect x=\"473\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"490\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">9<\/text><rect x=\"522\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"539\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">10<\/text><rect x=\"571\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"588\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">11<\/text><rect x=\"620\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"637\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">12<\/text><rect x=\"81\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"130\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"179\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"228\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"277\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"326\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"375\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"424\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"473\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"522\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#b8ae90\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"571\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#b8ae90\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"620\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#b8ae90\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"39\" cy=\"145\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"39\" y=\"153\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1<\/text><circle cx=\"39\" cy=\"280\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"39\" y=\"288\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2<\/text><circle cx=\"705\" cy=\"343\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"705\" y=\"351\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3<\/text><path d=\"M89 345 H665 M89 337 V353 M665 337 V353\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/><\/svg><ol class=\"plate-legend\"><li>A full year has twelve observed months.<\/li><li>January\u2013September covers nine observed months.<\/li><li>Comparing equivalent periods comes before interpreting change.<\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"plate-caption\">Intervals illustrated on the same monthly scale; the three open months are not a forecast of crime. \u00b7 Original illustration by the Institute \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-en-sources\">Sources and comparison<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>The 2026 change: harmonise rather than join columns<\/h2><p>The SESNSP methodological note does not declare all series incomparable. For intentional homicide it maintains subtype continuity, with attempts excluded. It also permits an extortion comparison when the category\u2019s scope is respected and the newly classified attempts are excluded. Other classifications require their own rules.<\/p><p>Checking the CSV data file adds a decisive detail: in 2026, \u201cExtorsi\u00f3n presencial\u201d and \u201cExtorsi\u00f3n por otros medios\u201d appear in the offence-subtype field. This table sums both completed subtypes across all their modalities. It excludes \u201cTentativa de extorsi\u00f3n presencial\u201d and \u201cTentativa de extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios\u201d. Filtering only for the former name \u201cExtorsi\u00f3n\u201d would return no rows, which is not a genuine zero.<sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Classification bridge used for extortion\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>Classification bridge used for extortion<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Before 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Actual 2026 field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Operation in this edition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Extorsi\u00f3n<\/th><td data-label=\"Actual 2026 field\">Subtipo: Extorsi\u00f3n presencial + Extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation in this edition\">Add both completed subtypes and their modalities.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Attempts outside the comparable scope<\/th><td data-label=\"Actual 2026 field\">Tentativa de extorsi\u00f3n presencial \/ Tentativa de extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios<\/td><td data-label=\"Operation in this edition\">Exclude from this comparison.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><section><h2>Counts, population and the temptation to rank municipalities<\/h2><p>Municipalities differ in size. INEGI\u2019s catalogue returns 17,082 residents for Huehuetla and 189,457 for Poza Rica, with a 2020 Census reference. This helps explain why an absolute count is not a rate. A 2026 rate would require a municipal population figure for that same year to serve as the calculation\u2019s base, with its methodology identified.<\/p><p>We therefore do not divide the 2026 records by the 2020 population and label the result a current risk. Even with an updated population, an administrative rate would measure recorded offences per inhabitants, not the exact probability of an individual experiencing an event. Mobility, temporary populations, the mix of offences and small-number variability also matter.<sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><aside class=\"r-banner\"><h3>The denominator has a date too<\/h3><p>2020 Census population: Cuetzalan del Progreso 49,864; Huehuetla 17,082; Espinal 26,830; Papantla 159,910; Poza Rica de Hidalgo 189,457; Tecolutla 24,551. An annual rate would be: recorded offences in the year \/ municipal population for that same year \u00d7 100,000. These 2020 figures are not used to calculate a 2026 rate.<\/p><\/aside><section><h2>The survey adds experiences that never reach the register<\/h2><p>ENVIPE 2026 estimates offences experienced during 2025 and collects perceptions between February and April 2026. It covers people aged 18 and over living in private households. Its state results allow Puebla and Veracruz to be compared; they are not estimates for the six selected municipalities. Publication date, victimization year and perception period must remain distinct.<\/p><p>Estimated 2025 incidence is 41,876 offences per 100,000 adults in Puebla and 23,417 in Veracruz. These are estimated offences, not victim counts: one person may experience more than one event. The state reports indicate that the change from 2024 in this indicator is not statistically significant in either state: there is insufficient statistical evidence to establish a change. A difference between values does not by itself demonstrate a trend.<sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><section><figure class=\"iict-plate\" id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-en\" lang=\"en\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-b-en-title\" style=\"--plate-cols:3\"><div class=\"plate-top\"><p class=\"plate-kicker\">Illustrated notebook \u00b7 II<\/p><h3 id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-en-title\">From an experience to a record<\/h3><\/div><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"plate-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 750 420\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-b-en-art-title iict-plate-r07-b-en-art-desc\"><title id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-en-art-title\">From an experience to a record<\/title><desc id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-en-art-desc\">1. An experience may be reported in a survey. 2. Reporting and opening an investigation are distinct steps. 3. Administrative records observe events entering their system. Separating surveys and records explains why their figures differ; symbols do not quantify losses between steps.<\/desc><defs><pattern id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-en-grain\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" width=\"17\" height=\"19\"><circle cx=\"2\" cy=\"3\" r=\".6\" fill=\"#a9a384\" opacity=\".15\"\/><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"14\" r=\".5\" fill=\"#b3a98a\" opacity=\".16\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"750\" height=\"420\" fill=\"url(#iict-plate-r07-b-en-grain)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(143 190) scale(0.92)\"><path d=\"M-78 -65 H57 Q78 -65 78 -44 V26 Q78 47 58 47 H-9 L-48 84 L-38 47 H-78 Q-98 47 -98 26 V-44 Q-98 -65 -78 -65Z\" fill=\"#dfe7df\" stroke=\"#91a598\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/><path d=\"M-62 -28 H39 M-62 -2 H46 M-62 23 H11\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#9eae9c\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/><\/g><line x1=\"236\" y1=\"183\" x2=\"287\" y2=\"183\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 7\"\/><circle cx=\"287\" cy=\"183\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"319\" y=\"110\" width=\"112\" height=\"163\" rx=\"5\" fill=\"#f0e8d5\" stroke=\"#a79670\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"144\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"144\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"173\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"173\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"202\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"202\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"231\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"231\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"463\" y1=\"183\" x2=\"510\" y2=\"183\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 7\"\/><circle cx=\"510\" cy=\"183\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"539\" y=\"132\" width=\"141\" height=\"123\" rx=\"6\" fill=\"#dddcc8\" stroke=\"#a3a17f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"550\" y=\"119\" width=\"67\" height=\"26\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#e9e5d3\" stroke=\"#a3a17f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"585\" y=\"179\" width=\"46\" height=\"22\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#a3a17f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"143\" cy=\"334\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"143\" y=\"342\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1<\/text><circle cx=\"375\" cy=\"334\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"375\" y=\"342\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2<\/text><circle cx=\"610\" cy=\"334\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"610\" y=\"342\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3<\/text><\/svg><ol class=\"plate-legend\"><li>An experience may be reported in a survey.<\/li><li>Reporting and opening an investigation are distinct steps.<\/li><li>Administrative records observe events entering their system.<\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"plate-caption\">Separating surveys and records explains why their figures differ; symbols do not quantify losses between steps. \u00b7 Original illustration by the Institute \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-en-sources\">Sources and comparison<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Unrecorded crime and perception: widen the view without manufacturing figures<\/h2><p>The estimated unrecorded-crime share for 2025 is 93.1% in Puebla and 96.3% in Veracruz. It includes offences not reported, those for which no investigation file was opened, and unspecified cases. It does not simply mean \u201cpeople who did not report\u201d. Nor can it be used as a multiplier to inflate Papantla\u2019s or Cuetzalan\u2019s records: the population, geography and offence coverage differ.<\/p><p>For perceptions in 2026, 82.4% of Puebla\u2019s adult population and 80.9% of Veracruz\u2019s consider their state unsafe. Asked about their own neighbourhood or locality, the proportions are 43.3% and 32.7%. These are responses from state populations concerning different spatial scales. The comparison shows why an assessment of the state and experience of the immediate surroundings are not interchangeable; it does not measure a particular municipality\u2019s perception.<sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 state results, population aged 18 and over\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 state results, population aged 18 and over<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator and period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Puebla<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Veracruz<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Estimated 2025 incidence \u00b7 offences per 100,000 adults<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">41,876<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">23,417<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Unrecorded share, 2025 \u00b7 % of estimated offences<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">93.1 %<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">96.3 %<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Considers own state unsafe \u00b7 February\u2013April 2026<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">82.4 %<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">80.9 %<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Considers own neighbourhood\/locality unsafe \u00b7 February\u2013April 2026<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">43.3 %<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">32.7 %<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><p><span class=\"r-small\">Sources: INEGI ENVIPE 2026 Puebla and Veracruz reports, pp. 13\u201314, 32\u201333 and 41. The neighbourhood\/locality indicator remains an estimate for the state population, not a municipal result. Incidence, unrecorded share and perception use different units.<\/span><\/p><section><section class=\"iict-reading-addition\" data-kind=\"table\" id=\"iict-reading-r07-en\" lang=\"en\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-reading-r07-en-title\"><h3 id=\"iict-reading-r07-en-title\">The cost of an outing no longer taken<\/h3><p>Insecurity also changes the diary. ENVIPE 2026 reports that during 2025, 44.7% of adults in Mexico stopped going out at night for fear of crime. This is a national estimate of an activity avoided, not a Papantla crime rate or a description of every family. <a class=\"reading-ref\" href=\"#iict-reading-r07-en-source\" aria-label=\"See sources and comparison\">\u2197<\/a><\/p><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Data table\" style=\"--journal-table-min:0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Two traces of fear<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What can be observed<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">What is paid<\/th><td>Protective measures can produce household expenditure.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">What is no longer done<\/th><td>Changed routines alter activities and relationships.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p>The question brings research closer to everyday life. A cancelled outing may alter visits, social life and the use of public space even when it produces no complaint. Understanding that experience also means looking at what no longer happens.<\/p><p class=\"reading-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/saladeprensa\/boletines\/2026\/envipe\/ENVIPE2026_RR.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026, pp. 12\u201313 y 25, gr\u00e1fica 26<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-en-sources\">Sources and comparison<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<h2>Vulnerability also concerns being able to continue daily life<\/h2><p>Everyday safety involves schedules, journeys, access to services and public-space conditions. ENVIPE asks about habits and surroundings as well as offences. This combination can help investigate how fear changes an activity without reducing everything to case-file counts. Identifying poor lighting, for instance, does not by itself establish the cause of an offence.<\/p><p>A responsible reading does not infer criminality from poverty, language, informal work or cultural membership. Examining such relationships requires studies designed for that question, compatible scales and additional evidence. Records, surveys and perceptions work best when compared through their actual questions. That makes it possible to discuss safety precisely and respectfully towards the people sustaining regional life.<sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-en-s6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><details class=\"research-evidence\" id=\"r07-en-sources\"><summary><span class=\"evidence-kicker\">Open research<\/span><strong>Sources and comparison<\/strong><span class=\"evidence-subtitle\">Open the methods, differences between sources and verifiable references.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"evidence-content\"><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Claims, evidence and the reach of each finding.\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>Claims, evidence and the reach of each finding.<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sources and observations<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Comparison and interpretation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Do investigation files, offences and victims mean the same thing?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources and observations\">RNID manual v1.0, PDF pp. 18\u201322; municipal offence dataset.<\/td><td data-label=\"Comparison and interpretation\">They are different units. Offences are summed across subtype modalities, not converted into victims or convictions. One recorded intentional homicide does not necessarily mean one victim. Another question would require victim data.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Do month and municipality identify where a report was filed?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources and observations\">RNID manual: file opening, municipality of occurrence and retrospective correction.<\/td><td data-label=\"Comparison and interpretation\">The month refers to file opening and may differ from the event; the municipality refers to occurrence. The September 2026 revision may change earlier years. The cutoff is retained rather than presenting the series as immutable.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Did everything become incompatible in 2026?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources and observations\">Historical-comparison note, complete document; intentional homicide and extortion.<\/td><td data-label=\"Comparison and interpretation\">The source permits specific continuities, not indiscriminate aggregation. Attempts are excluded and each category harmonised. Complete years are separated from the January\u2013September comparison. No claim is made that the entire classification is homogeneous.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Is the manual\u2019s label enough to extract extortion?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources and observations\">Official note and actual fields in the 2026 RNID CSV.<\/td><td data-label=\"Comparison and interpretation\">The file splits completed extortion into two subtypes: in person and by other means. Both are added; attempts are excluded. Comparing the explanation with the real structure prevents an empty filter being treated as zero.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Does a larger count prove greater risk?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources and observations\">Municipal SESNSP data; INEGI catalogue with 2020 Census population.<\/td><td data-label=\"Comparison and interpretation\">Population, mobility and record sizes differ. No 2026 rates are calculated using 2020 denominators. Even a correctly calculated rate would be administrative, not an individual probability or danger ranking.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Can ENVIPE replace a municipal figure?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources and observations\">INEGI, ENVIPE 2026 design and Puebla\/Veracruz results, pp. 13\u201314, 32\u201333 and 41.<\/td><td data-label=\"Comparison and interpretation\">The survey estimates adult experiences at state level for defined periods. It complements the register using a different population and scope. Its percentages are not assigned to Huehuetla, Papantla or any municipality in the table.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Can unrecorded crime yield the local \u201ctrue total\u201d?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources and observations\">ENVIPE: 93.1% Puebla and 96.3% Veracruz; unreported offences, no investigation file, and unspecified cases.<\/td><td data-label=\"Comparison and interpretation\">No inverse factor is applied to municipal records. Units, offences, ages and geographic coverage differ. The unrecorded share identifies a limitation of registration; it does not itself supply a valid estimator for every local category.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Should perception and victimization coincide?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources and observations\">ENVIPE: 2025 experiences versus February\u2013April 2026 perception, with separate state and neighbourhood\/locality questions.<\/td><td data-label=\"Comparison and interpretation\">They are not competing measurements of the same variable. Someone may feel unsafe without having been a victim during the period. They are compared as complementary dimensions; no cause unidentified by the survey is attributed.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><h3>References and reading scope<\/h3><ol class=\"research-sources\"><li id=\"r07-en-s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/sesnsp\/acciones-y-programas\/datos-abiertos-de-incidencia-delictiva?sta-te=published\">SESNSP \u00b7 Datos abiertos de incidencia delictiva \u00b7 corte septiembre 2026, publicaci\u00f3n 16.10.2026<\/a><br>Municipal files for 2015\u20132025, September 2026 revision, and RNID January\u2013September 2026. Full CSV streams were processed to select six codes; modalities were aggregated, not victims.<\/li><li id=\"r07-en-s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/1058582\/Manual_metodol_gico_RNID_V1.0_VF__2_.pdf\">SESNSP \u00b7 Manual metodol\u00f3gico RNID \u00b7 versi\u00f3n 1.0 \u00b7 febrero 2026<\/a><br>PDF pages 1\u201312, 18\u201322 and 26\u201327: units, case-opening date, municipality of occurrence, reclassification and public statistical versions.<\/li><li id=\"r07-en-s3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/1059821\/Nota_metodol_gica_comparaci_n_hist_rica_RNID.pdf\">SESNSP \u00b7 Nota metodol\u00f3gica sobre comparaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica del RNID \u00b7 2026<\/a><br>Entire eight-page PDF: continuity of intentional homicide and extortion, exclusion of attempts and rules for other categories. Additional check against the actual CSV fields.<\/li><li id=\"r07-en-s4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/programas\/envipe\/2026\/doc\/envipe2026_pue.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 Principales resultados, Puebla \u00b7 10.09.2026<\/a><br>PDF pages 13\u201314, 32\u201333 and 41: 2025 incidence, unrecorded crime and 2026 perception. Selected sections and methodological information consulted; not a full reading of all 56 pages.<\/li><li id=\"r07-en-s5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/programas\/envipe\/2026\/doc\/envipe2026_ver.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 Principales resultados, Veracruz \u00b7 10.09.2026<\/a><br>PDF pages 9, 13\u201314, 32\u201333 and 41\u201345: victims, offences, unrecorded crime and perception. Likewise consulted by section.<\/li><li id=\"r07-en-s6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/envipe\/2026\/\">INEGI \u00b7 Encuesta Nacional de Victimizaci\u00f3n y Percepci\u00f3n sobre Seguridad P\u00fablica \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026<\/a><br>Probability survey, population aged 18 and over, national and state coverage; 2025 victimization and February\u2013April 2026 perception.<\/li><li id=\"r07-en-s7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gaia.inegi.org.mx\/wscatgeo\/v2\/mgem\/30124\">INEGI \u00b7 Cat\u00e1logo \u00danico de Claves Geoestad\u00edsticas \u00b7 referencia demogr\u00e1fica Censo 2020<\/a><br>All six municipality codes consulted. Returned population values refer to 2020; they show scale and are not updated 2026 denominators.<\/li><\/ol><\/div><section class=\"iict-reading-source\" id=\"iict-reading-r07-en-source\" lang=\"en\"><h4>The cost of an outing no longer taken<\/h4><p>The national report distinguishes preventive spending from activities abandoned. It complements municipal records; its percentages cannot be assigned to particular municipalities.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/saladeprensa\/boletines\/2026\/envipe\/ENVIPE2026_RR.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026, pp. 12\u201313 y 25, gr\u00e1fica 26<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"#iict-reading-r07-en\">Return to the passage<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<\/details><nav class=\"research-related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1225#research-hub-en\">Return to Totonacapan Research \u2192<\/a><\/nav><p class=\"research-version\">Documentary edition \u00b7 ES \/ EN \/ FR \u00b7 05.11.2026 \u00b7 v1.0<\/p><!-- IICT-CITE R07 en --><aside class=\"iict-citation\" id=\"citar-r07-en\" aria-labelledby=\"citar-r07-en-title\"><h2 id=\"citar-r07-en-title\">How to cite this article<\/h2><p class=\"iict-citation-label\">Suggested bibliographic reference<\/p><blockquote class=\"iict-citation-reference\">Instituto Internacional de Cultura del Totonacapan. \u00abEveryday safety and vulnerabilities: what the data can tell us\u00bb. <cite>Research notebooks<\/cite>, <strong>R07<\/strong>. The Integral Management Society (IMSV). <a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1294#r07-en\">https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1294#r07-en<\/a>.<\/blockquote><p><strong>Internal reference:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1294#r07-en\">R07<\/a>. For a specific passage, add its section title.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1225#normas-citacion-en\">The Institute\u2019s citation guidance \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/aside><!-- \/IICT-CITE R07 en --><\/article><\/details><details class=\"research-lang-version\" id=\"r07-fr-version\"><summary>Lire l\u2019article int\u00e9gral en fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><article id=\"r07-fr\" lang=\"fr\"><p class=\"eyebrow\">Recherches sur le Totonacapan \u00b7 La r\u00e9gion aujourd\u2019hui<\/p><h1>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 quotidienne et vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s : ce que les donn\u00e9es permettent de dire<\/h1><p class=\"research-deck\">Registres, exp\u00e9riences et perceptions : trois regards sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, sans les confondre ni classer les communes.<\/p><div class=\"research-abstract\"><h2>L\u2019essentiel<\/h2><p>La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 se vit en sortant de chez soi, en ouvrant un commerce, en se d\u00e9pla\u00e7ant ou en rentrant le soir. Pour l\u2019\u00e9tudier, il faut distinguer les infractions enregistr\u00e9es par les parquets, la victimation estim\u00e9e par enqu\u00eate et le sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Chaque source r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une question diff\u00e9rente.<\/p><p>Cette recherche pr\u00e9sente deux cat\u00e9gories d\u2019infractions dans six communes, avec les ann\u00e9es compl\u00e8tes 2023 \u00e0 2025 et une comparaison de janvier \u00e0 septembre 2025 et 2026. Elle explique comment harmoniser le nouveau registre de 2026 et lire l\u2019ENVIPE 2026 de Puebla et de Veracruz sans attribuer ses estimations par \u00c9tat \u00e0 une commune particuli\u00e8re.<\/p><\/div><p><span class=\"research-method\">Arr\u00eat documentaire : 5 novembre 2026. Donn\u00e9es municipales SESNSP, version de septembre 2026 publi\u00e9e le 16 octobre ; ENVIPE publi\u00e9e le 10 septembre 2026. Choix raisonn\u00e9 de six contextes, sans d\u00e9limitation officielle ni \u00e9chantillon repr\u00e9sentatif du Totonacapan. Analyse documentaire et calculs de cette \u00e9dition ; sans entretien ni enqu\u00eate sur des cas individuels.<\/span><\/p><figure class=\"research-visual\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/iict-territorio-sierra-cuetzalan-20261104.jpg\" alt=\"Paysage urbain et montagneux de Cuetzalan, photographi\u00e9 en 2008.\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1442\"><figcaption><strong>La vie quotidienne s\u2019inscrit dans un territoire<\/strong>Cuetzalan \u00b7 CiroCuesta \u00b7 29.03.2008 \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tarde_en_Cuetzalan.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>. Paysage de contexte ; il ne documente aucune infraction et n\u2019identifie ni victime ni auteur.<\/figcaption><\/figure><section><h2>Trois regards sur une question quotidienne<\/h2><p>Un nombre de signalements ne recense pas toutes les exp\u00e9riences d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. Une enqu\u00eate ne reproduit pas non plus le registre d\u2019un parquet. Et se sentir en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 ne signifie pas avoir subi une infraction pendant la p\u00e9riode \u00e9tudi\u00e9e. Ces trois observations comptent pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment parce qu\u2019elles examinent des dimensions diff\u00e9rentes de la vie quotidienne.<\/p><p>Les donn\u00e9es municipales portent sur Cuetzalan del Progreso et Huehuetla, dans l\u2019\u00c9tat de Puebla, et sur Espinal, Papantla, Poza Rica de Hidalgo et Tecolutla, dans celui de Veracruz. Ces communes permettent de confronter montagne, basses terres, corridor urbain et littoral. Elles ne sont pas class\u00e9es par dangerosit\u00e9. Les chiffres ne d\u00e9crivent pas chaque quartier, route, visiteur ou habitant, et n\u2019attribuent aucun comportement \u00e0 une communaut\u00e9.<sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-visual\"><ol class=\"r-flow\"><li><strong>Registre<\/strong>Infractions figurant dans les dossiers ; classement et date d\u2019ouverture.<\/li><li><strong>Victimation<\/strong>Exp\u00e9riences estim\u00e9es par une enqu\u00eate probabiliste.<\/li><li><strong>Perception<\/strong>Appr\u00e9ciation de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du milieu de vie.<\/li><\/ol><figcaption>Trois regards compl\u00e9mentaires ; aucun ne se transforme automatiquement en un autre. Sch\u00e9ma de cette \u00e9dition, fond\u00e9 sur le SESNSP et l\u2019INEGI.<\/figcaption><\/figure><section><figure class=\"iict-viz viz-lenses\" id=\"iict-viz-r07-fr\" lang=\"fr\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-viz-r07-fr-title\"><header><div class=\"viz-kicker\"><span>Carnets visuels<\/span><span>R07 \u00b7 01<\/span><\/div><h3 id=\"iict-viz-r07-fr-title\">Ce qui est enregistr\u00e9, v\u00e9cu et per\u00e7u<\/h3><p>Trois regards qui \u00e9largissent l\u2019analyse sans mesurer la m\u00eame chose.<\/p><\/header><div class=\"viz-art\" style=\"--viz-cols:3\"><div class=\"viz-cell\"><svg class=\"viz-line-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 280 110\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M30 105h220\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9b77f\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.55\"><path d=\"M90 14h82l22 22v60H90z\"\/><path d=\"M172 14v22h22M106 47h64M106 59h56M106 71h65M106 83h38\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span class=\"viz-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><h4>Enregistrement<\/h4><p>Faits qui entrent dans les registres des parquets.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"viz-cell\"><svg class=\"viz-line-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 280 110\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M30 105h220\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9b77f\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.55\"><circle cx=\"140\" cy=\"31\" r=\"13\"\/><path d=\"M115 84V65q0-17 25-17t25 17v19M95 42a10 10 0 1 1 0-20M185 42a10 10 0 1 0 0-20M77 87V65q0-17 25-17M203 87V65q0-17-25-17M111 95h58\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span class=\"viz-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><h4>Victimisation<\/h4><p>Exp\u00e9riences estim\u00e9es par une enqu\u00eate et sa m\u00e9thode.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"viz-cell\"><svg class=\"viz-line-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 280 110\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M30 105h220\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9b77f\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><g fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.55\"><path d=\"M80 22h120v56h-67l-24 20V78H80zM98 42h84M98 57h62\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span class=\"viz-number\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><h4>Perception<\/h4><p>La fa\u00e7on dont les personnes r\u00e9pondent aux questions sur l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p><\/div><\/div><figcaption>Les estimations de l\u2019ENVIPE \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019un \u00c9tat ne deviennent pas des chiffres communaux.<span class=\"viz-source\">Synth\u00e8se visuelle originale de l\u2019Institut \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-fr-sources\">Sources et confrontation<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Ce que le registre compte, quand et o\u00f9<\/h2><p>Le Registre national de l\u2019incidence d\u00e9lictueuse distingue dossiers d\u2019enqu\u00eate, infractions et victimes. Un dossier peut contenir plusieurs infractions et un \u00e9v\u00e9nement plusieurs victimes. Cette page compte les infractions enregistr\u00e9es dans la base municipale, non les personnes tu\u00e9es, les signalements individuels, les condamnations ou tous les faits survenus.<\/p><p>Le manuel RNID retient le mois d\u2019ouverture du dossier et la commune de survenue des faits. Le lieu n\u2019est pas remplac\u00e9 par le si\u00e8ge du parquet recevant l\u2019affaire. Le mois d\u2019enregistrement ne co\u00efncide pas n\u00e9cessairement avec celui des faits. Des requalifications et ajouts ult\u00e9rieurs peuvent corriger le mois d\u2019ouverture initial : cette \u00e9dition pr\u00e9cise donc la version t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9e, y compris pour les ann\u00e9es achev\u00e9es.<sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><section><h2>Deux p\u00e9riodes d\u2019observation, sans transformer neuf mois en une ann\u00e9e<\/h2><p>Le premier tableau rassemble les ann\u00e9es compl\u00e8tes 2023, 2024 et 2025. Le second compare janvier\u2013septembre 2025 aux m\u00eames neuf mois de 2026. Il pr\u00e9sente l\u2019homicide intentionnel et l\u2019extorsion consomm\u00e9e parce que la note officielle \u00e9tablit une continuit\u00e9 conceptuelle v\u00e9rifiable selon des r\u00e8gles pr\u00e9cises. Toutes les cat\u00e9gories ne sont pas additionn\u00e9es comme si le nouveau registre avait laiss\u00e9 intact tout le classement.<\/p><p>\u00c0 Papantla, les homicides intentionnels enregistr\u00e9s passent de 24 \u00e0 27 entre les deux p\u00e9riodes de neuf mois ; \u00e0 Espinal, de quatre \u00e0 huit. \u00c0 Tecolutla, ils passent de six \u00e0 trois. Il s\u2019agit de variations d\u2019infractions enregistr\u00e9es dans ces intervalles, non d\u2019estimations du risque individuel. Pour de petits nombres, un ou deux enregistrements modifient fortement un pourcentage ; les quantit\u00e9s et p\u00e9riodes sont donc pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es sans projection annuelle pour 2026.<sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Infractions enregistr\u00e9es \u00b7 ann\u00e9es compl\u00e8tes 2023\u20132025\" style=\"--journal-table-min:40rem\"><table><caption>Infractions enregistr\u00e9es \u00b7 ann\u00e9es compl\u00e8tes 2023\u20132025<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Commune \u00b7 cat\u00e9gorie<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2023<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2024<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2025<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">3<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">3<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">3<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">4<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">21<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">8<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">25<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">16<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">11<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">42<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">18<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">17<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">36<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">24<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">22<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">9<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">7<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2023\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2024\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Les m\u00eames neuf mois \u00b7 janvier\u2013septembre\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>Les m\u00eames neuf mois \u00b7 janvier\u2013septembre<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Commune \u00b7 cat\u00e9gorie<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2025<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2026<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">1<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cuetzalan del Progreso \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">2<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Huehuetla \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">4<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Espinal \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">24<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">27<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papantla \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">7<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">14<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">20<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Poza Rica de Hidalgo \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">18<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Homicide intentionnel<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">6<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tecolutla \u00b7 Extorsion consomm\u00e9e<\/th><td data-label=\"2025\">0<\/td><td data-label=\"2026\">1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><p><span class=\"r-small\">Source : SESNSP, version de septembre 2026. Nombres d\u2019infractions, non de victimes. Extorsion 2026 : somme des cat\u00e9gories en pr\u00e9sence et par d\u2019autres moyens, sans tentatives. Z\u00e9ro signifie aucun enregistrement dans la s\u00e9lection, non la preuve d\u2019absence de faits. Une ann\u00e9e compl\u00e8te n\u2019est pas compar\u00e9e \u00e0 neuf mois.<\/span><\/p><section><figure class=\"iict-plate\" id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-fr\" lang=\"fr\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-a-fr-title\" style=\"--plate-cols:3\"><div class=\"plate-top\"><p class=\"plate-kicker\">Carnet illustr\u00e9 \u00b7 I<\/p><h3 id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-fr-title\">Avant de comparer, situer le temps<\/h3><\/div><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"plate-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 750 420\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-a-fr-art-title iict-plate-r07-a-fr-art-desc\"><title id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-fr-art-title\">Avant de comparer, situer le temps<\/title><desc id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-fr-art-desc\">1. Une ann\u00e9e compl\u00e8te compte douze mois observ\u00e9s. 2. Janvier\u2013septembre couvre neuf mois observ\u00e9s. 3. Comparer des p\u00e9riodes \u00e9quivalentes pr\u00e9c\u00e8de l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation d\u2019un changement. Intervalles dessin\u00e9s \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9chelle mensuelle ; les trois mois ouverts ne sont pas une pr\u00e9vision de d\u00e9lits.<\/desc><defs><pattern id=\"iict-plate-r07-a-fr-grain\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" width=\"17\" height=\"19\"><circle cx=\"2\" cy=\"3\" r=\".6\" fill=\"#a9a384\" opacity=\".15\"\/><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"14\" r=\".5\" fill=\"#b3a98a\" opacity=\".16\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"750\" height=\"420\" fill=\"url(#iict-plate-r07-a-fr-grain)\"\/><rect x=\"81\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"98\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1<\/text><rect x=\"130\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"147\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2<\/text><rect x=\"179\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"196\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3<\/text><rect x=\"228\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"245\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">4<\/text><rect x=\"277\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"294\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">5<\/text><rect x=\"326\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"343\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">6<\/text><rect x=\"375\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"392\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">7<\/text><rect x=\"424\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"441\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">8<\/text><rect x=\"473\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"490\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">9<\/text><rect x=\"522\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"539\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">10<\/text><rect x=\"571\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"588\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">11<\/text><rect x=\"620\" y=\"111\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#829d9a\" stroke=\"#6c8987\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><text x=\"637\" y=\"213\" fill=\"#778776\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"26\" text-anchor=\"middle\">12<\/text><rect x=\"81\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"130\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"179\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"228\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"277\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"326\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"375\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"424\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"473\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#b59a61\" stroke=\"#9a804e\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"522\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#b8ae90\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"571\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#b8ae90\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"620\" y=\"246\" width=\"35\" height=\"67\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#b8ae90\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"39\" cy=\"145\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"39\" y=\"153\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1<\/text><circle cx=\"39\" cy=\"280\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"39\" y=\"288\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2<\/text><circle cx=\"705\" cy=\"343\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"705\" y=\"351\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3<\/text><path d=\"M89 345 H665 M89 337 V353 M665 337 V353\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/><\/svg><ol class=\"plate-legend\"><li>Une ann\u00e9e compl\u00e8te compte douze mois observ\u00e9s.<\/li><li>Janvier\u2013septembre couvre neuf mois observ\u00e9s.<\/li><li>Comparer des p\u00e9riodes \u00e9quivalentes pr\u00e9c\u00e8de l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation d\u2019un changement.<\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"plate-caption\">Intervalles dessin\u00e9s \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9chelle mensuelle ; les trois mois ouverts ne sont pas une pr\u00e9vision de d\u00e9lits. \u00b7 Illustration originale de l\u2019Institut \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-fr-sources\">Sources et confrontation<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Le changement de 2026 : harmoniser plut\u00f4t que juxtaposer<\/h2><p>La note m\u00e9thodologique du SESNSP ne d\u00e9clare pas toutes les s\u00e9ries incomparables. Pour l\u2019homicide intentionnel, elle maintient la continuit\u00e9 du sous-type, en excluant les tentatives. Elle permet aussi une comparaison de l\u2019extorsion \u00e0 condition de respecter le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de la cat\u00e9gorie et d\u2019exclure les nouvelles tentatives. D\u2019autres classifications demandent leurs propres r\u00e8gles.<\/p><p>La v\u00e9rification du fichier de donn\u00e9es CSV apporte une pr\u00e9cision d\u00e9cisive : en 2026, \u00ab Extorsi\u00f3n presencial \u00bb et \u00ab Extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios \u00bb figurent dans le champ du sous-type d\u2019infraction. Le tableau additionne ces deux sous-types consomm\u00e9s et toutes leurs modalit\u00e9s. Il exclut \u00ab Tentativa de extorsi\u00f3n presencial \u00bb et \u00ab Tentativa de extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios \u00bb. Filtrer seulement l\u2019ancien intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Extorsi\u00f3n \u00bb aurait retourn\u00e9 une absence de lignes, qui ne constitue pas un v\u00e9ritable z\u00e9ro.<sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Passerelle de classement appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l'extorsion\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>Passerelle de classement appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019extorsion<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Avant 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Champ r\u00e9el en 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Op\u00e9ration de cette \u00e9dition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Extorsi\u00f3n<\/th><td data-label=\"Champ r\u00e9el en 2026\">Subtipo: Extorsi\u00f3n presencial + Extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios<\/td><td data-label=\"Op\u00e9ration de cette \u00e9dition\">Additionner les deux sous-types consomm\u00e9s et leurs modalit\u00e9s.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tentatives hors du champ comparable<\/th><td data-label=\"Champ r\u00e9el en 2026\">Tentativa de extorsi\u00f3n presencial \/ Tentativa de extorsi\u00f3n por otros medios<\/td><td data-label=\"Op\u00e9ration de cette \u00e9dition\">Exclure de cette comparaison.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><section><h2>Quantit\u00e9s, population et tentation de classer les communes<\/h2><p>Les communes ont des tailles diff\u00e9rentes. Le catalogue de l\u2019INEGI indique, avec le Recensement 2020 comme r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, 17 082 habitants pour Huehuetla et 189 457 pour Poza Rica. Cette diff\u00e9rence aide \u00e0 comprendre pourquoi une quantit\u00e9 absolue n\u2019est pas un taux. Calculer un taux de 2026 demanderait un effectif de population municipale de la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e servant de base au calcul et une m\u00e9thodologie identifi\u00e9e.<\/p><p>Nous ne divisons donc pas les enregistrements de 2026 par la population de 2020 en pr\u00e9sentant le r\u00e9sultat comme un risque actuel. M\u00eame avec une population actualis\u00e9e, un taux administratif mesurerait des infractions enregistr\u00e9es par habitants, non la probabilit\u00e9 exacte qu\u2019une personne subisse un fait. Mobilit\u00e9, population de passage, composition des infractions et variabilit\u00e9 des petits nombres comptent \u00e9galement.<sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><aside class=\"r-banner\"><h3>Le d\u00e9nominateur a lui aussi une date<\/h3><p>Population au Recensement 2020 : Cuetzalan del Progreso 49\u202f864 ; Huehuetla 17\u202f082 ; Espinal 26\u202f830 ; Papantla 159\u202f910 ; Poza Rica de Hidalgo 189\u202f457 ; Tecolutla 24\u202f551. Formule d\u2019un taux annuel : infractions enregistr\u00e9es dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e \/ population communale de cette m\u00eame ann\u00e9e \u00d7 100 000. Ces donn\u00e9es de 2020 ne servent pas \u00e0 calculer un taux de 2026.<\/p><\/aside><section><h2>L\u2019enqu\u00eate ajoute des exp\u00e9riences absentes du registre<\/h2><p>L\u2019ENVIPE 2026 estime les infractions subies pendant 2025 et recueille les perceptions entre f\u00e9vrier et avril 2026. Elle s\u2019adresse aux personnes de 18 ans ou plus vivant dans des logements particuliers. Ses r\u00e9sultats par \u00c9tat permettent de comparer Puebla et Veracruz ; ils ne sont pas des estimations pour les six communes choisies. Date de publication, ann\u00e9e de victimation et p\u00e9riode de perception restent distinctes.<\/p><p>L\u2019incidence estim\u00e9e de 2025 est de 41 876 infractions pour 100 000 adultes \u00e0 Puebla et de 23 417 \u00e0 Veracruz. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019infractions estim\u00e9es, non d\u2019un nombre de victimes : une personne peut subir plusieurs faits. Les rapports signalent que, pour cet indicateur, la variation par rapport \u00e0 2024 n\u2019est statistiquement significative dans aucun des deux \u00c9tats : les preuves statistiques ne suffisent pas \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un changement. Un \u00e9cart entre valeurs ne suffit pas \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer une tendance.<sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><section><figure class=\"iict-plate\" id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-fr\" lang=\"fr\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-b-fr-title\" style=\"--plate-cols:3\"><div class=\"plate-top\"><p class=\"plate-kicker\">Carnet illustr\u00e9 \u00b7 II<\/p><h3 id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-fr-title\">D\u2019une exp\u00e9rience \u00e0 un enregistrement<\/h3><\/div><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"plate-art\" viewBox=\"0 0 750 420\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-plate-r07-b-fr-art-title iict-plate-r07-b-fr-art-desc\"><title id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-fr-art-title\">D\u2019une exp\u00e9rience \u00e0 un enregistrement<\/title><desc id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-fr-art-desc\">1. Une exp\u00e9rience peut \u00eatre connue par enqu\u00eate. 2. Signaler et ouvrir une enqu\u00eate sont des \u00e9tapes distinctes. 3. L\u2019enregistrement administratif observe les faits entr\u00e9s dans son syst\u00e8me. Distinguer enqu\u00eate et registre explique pourquoi leurs chiffres diff\u00e8rent ; les symboles ne quantifient pas les pertes entre \u00e9tapes.<\/desc><defs><pattern id=\"iict-plate-r07-b-fr-grain\" patternUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" width=\"17\" height=\"19\"><circle cx=\"2\" cy=\"3\" r=\".6\" fill=\"#a9a384\" opacity=\".15\"\/><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"14\" r=\".5\" fill=\"#b3a98a\" opacity=\".16\"\/><\/pattern><\/defs><rect width=\"750\" height=\"420\" fill=\"url(#iict-plate-r07-b-fr-grain)\"\/><g transform=\"translate(143 190) scale(0.92)\"><path d=\"M-78 -65 H57 Q78 -65 78 -44 V26 Q78 47 58 47 H-9 L-48 84 L-38 47 H-78 Q-98 47 -98 26 V-44 Q-98 -65 -78 -65Z\" fill=\"#dfe7df\" stroke=\"#91a598\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/><path d=\"M-62 -28 H39 M-62 -2 H46 M-62 23 H11\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#9eae9c\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" \/><\/g><line x1=\"236\" y1=\"183\" x2=\"287\" y2=\"183\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 7\"\/><circle cx=\"287\" cy=\"183\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"319\" y=\"110\" width=\"112\" height=\"163\" rx=\"5\" fill=\"#f0e8d5\" stroke=\"#a79670\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"144\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"144\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"173\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"173\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"202\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"202\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"340\" y1=\"231\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"231\" stroke=\"#b4a789\" stroke-width=\"2\" \/><line x1=\"463\" y1=\"183\" x2=\"510\" y2=\"183\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 7\"\/><circle cx=\"510\" cy=\"183\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke=\"#ae8e4b\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"539\" y=\"132\" width=\"141\" height=\"123\" rx=\"6\" fill=\"#dddcc8\" stroke=\"#a3a17f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"550\" y=\"119\" width=\"67\" height=\"26\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#e9e5d3\" stroke=\"#a3a17f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><rect x=\"585\" y=\"179\" width=\"46\" height=\"22\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#f7f2e5\" stroke=\"#a3a17f\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"143\" cy=\"334\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"143\" y=\"342\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">1<\/text><circle cx=\"375\" cy=\"334\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"375\" y=\"342\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">2<\/text><circle cx=\"610\" cy=\"334\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#264e60\" stroke=\"#f8f4e9\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/><text x=\"610\" y=\"342\" fill=\"#fff\" font-family=\"Georgia,serif\" font-size=\"24\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3<\/text><\/svg><ol class=\"plate-legend\"><li>Une exp\u00e9rience peut \u00eatre connue par enqu\u00eate.<\/li><li>Signaler et ouvrir une enqu\u00eate sont des \u00e9tapes distinctes.<\/li><li>L\u2019enregistrement administratif observe les faits entr\u00e9s dans son syst\u00e8me.<\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"plate-caption\">Distinguer enqu\u00eate et registre explique pourquoi leurs chiffres diff\u00e8rent ; les symboles ne quantifient pas les pertes entre \u00e9tapes. \u00b7 Illustration originale de l\u2019Institut \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-fr-sources\">Sources et confrontation<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Chiffre noir et perception : \u00e9largir le regard sans fabriquer de chiffres<\/h2><p>Le chiffre noir estim\u00e9 pour 2025 est de 93,1 % \u00e0 Puebla et de 96,3 % \u00e0 Veracruz. L\u2019indicateur comprend les infractions non signal\u00e9es, celles sans ouverture de dossier et les cas non pr\u00e9cis\u00e9s. Il ne d\u00e9signe pas seulement des \u00ab personnes qui n\u2019ont pas port\u00e9 plainte \u00bb. Il ne peut pas davantage multiplier artificiellement les enregistrements de Papantla ou de Cuetzalan : population, \u00e9chelle et ensemble des infractions diff\u00e8rent.<\/p><p>En 2026, 82,4 % de la population adulte de Puebla et 80,9 % de celle de Veracruz consid\u00e8rent leur \u00c9tat comme peu s\u00fbr. Pour leur propre quartier ou localit\u00e9, les pourcentages sont de 43,3 % et 32,7 %. Ce sont les r\u00e9ponses de populations d\u2019\u00c9tats \u00e0 propos d\u2019\u00e9chelles diff\u00e9rentes. La confrontation montre qu\u2019appr\u00e9ciation de l\u2019\u00c9tat et exp\u00e9rience du voisinage ne sont pas interchangeables ; elle ne mesure pas le sentiment d\u2019une commune particuli\u00e8re.<sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 r\u00e9sultats par \u00c9tat, population de 18 ans ou plus\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 r\u00e9sultats par \u00c9tat, population de 18 ans ou plus<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicateur et p\u00e9riode<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Puebla<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Veracruz<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Incidence estim\u00e9e 2025 \u00b7 infractions pour 100 000 adultes<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">41\u202f876<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">23\u202f417<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Chiffre noir 2025 \u00b7 % des infractions estim\u00e9es<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">93,1 %<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">96,3 %<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Consid\u00e8re son \u00c9tat peu s\u00fbr \u00b7 f\u00e9vrier\u2013avril 2026<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">82,4 %<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">80,9 %<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Consid\u00e8re son quartier\/localit\u00e9 peu s\u00fbr \u00b7 f\u00e9vrier\u2013avril 2026<\/th><td data-label=\"Puebla\">43,3 %<\/td><td data-label=\"Veracruz\">32,7 %<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><p><span class=\"r-small\">Sources : INEGI, rapports ENVIPE 2026 de Puebla et Veracruz, p. 13\u201314, 32\u201333 et 41. L\u2019indicateur du quartier ou de la localit\u00e9 reste une estimation concernant la population de l\u2019\u00c9tat, non un r\u00e9sultat communal. Incidence, chiffre noir et perception ont des unit\u00e9s distinctes.<\/span><\/p><section><section class=\"iict-reading-addition\" data-kind=\"table\" id=\"iict-reading-r07-fr\" lang=\"fr\" aria-labelledby=\"iict-reading-r07-fr-title\"><h3 id=\"iict-reading-r07-fr-title\">Le co\u00fbt d\u2019une sortie \u00e0 laquelle on renonce<\/h3><p>L\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 modifie aussi l\u2019agenda. L\u2019ENVIPE 2026 indique qu\u2019en 2025, 44,7 % des adultes du Mexique ont renonc\u00e9 \u00e0 sortir la nuit par crainte de subir un d\u00e9lit. C\u2019est une estimation nationale d\u2019une activit\u00e9 \u00e9vit\u00e9e, pas un taux de d\u00e9linquance de Papantla ni le portrait de chaque famille. <a class=\"reading-ref\" href=\"#iict-reading-r07-fr-source\" aria-label=\"Voir sources et comparaison\">\u2197<\/a><\/p><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Tableau de donn\u00e9es\" style=\"--journal-table-min:0\"><table><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Deux traces de la crainte<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Ce qui peut \u00eatre observ\u00e9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Ce qui se paie<\/th><td>Les mesures de protection peuvent entra\u00eener des d\u00e9penses domestiques.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Ce qui ne se fait plus<\/th><td>Les changements d\u2019habitudes modifient activit\u00e9s et relations.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p>La question rapproche la recherche du quotidien. Une sortie annul\u00e9e peut modifier visites, sociabilit\u00e9 et usage de l\u2019espace public sans produire de plainte. Comprendre cette exp\u00e9rience demande aussi de regarder ce qui ne se fait plus.<\/p><p class=\"reading-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/saladeprensa\/boletines\/2026\/envipe\/ENVIPE2026_RR.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026, pp. 12\u201313 y 25, gr\u00e1fica 26<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"#r07-fr-sources\">Sources et confrontation<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<h2>La vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 concerne aussi la possibilit\u00e9 de poursuivre sa vie quotidienne<\/h2><p>La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 quotidienne comprend horaires, trajets, acc\u00e8s aux services et \u00e9tat de l\u2019espace public. L\u2019ENVIPE interroge les habitudes et l\u2019environnement, en plus des infractions. Cet ensemble permet d\u2019\u00e9tudier comment la peur modifie une activit\u00e9 sans tout r\u00e9duire au nombre de dossiers. Rep\u00e9rer un d\u00e9faut d\u2019\u00e9clairage, par exemple, n\u2019\u00e9tablit pas \u00e0 lui seul la cause d\u2019une infraction.<\/p><p>Une lecture responsable ne d\u00e9duit pas la criminalit\u00e9 de la pauvret\u00e9, de la langue, du travail informel ou de l\u2019appartenance culturelle. \u00c9tudier ces relations exige des \u00e9tudes con\u00e7ues pour cette question, des \u00e9chelles compatibles et d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments probants. Registres, enqu\u00eates et perceptions deviennent plus utiles lorsqu\u2019on confronte leurs v\u00e9ritables questions. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 peut alors \u00eatre discut\u00e9e avec pr\u00e9cision et dans le respect des personnes qui font vivre la r\u00e9gion.<sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#r07-fr-s6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/section><details class=\"research-evidence\" id=\"r07-fr-sources\"><summary><span class=\"evidence-kicker\">Recherche ouverte<\/span><strong>Sources et confrontation<\/strong><span class=\"evidence-subtitle\">D\u00e9ployer la m\u00e9thode, les diff\u00e9rences entre sources et les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences v\u00e9rifiables.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"evidence-content\"><figure class=\"research-matrix\"><div class=\"iict-journal-table\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Affirmations, \u00e9l\u00e9ments probants et port\u00e9e de chaque r\u00e9sultat.\" style=\"--journal-table-min:32rem\"><table><caption>Affirmations, \u00e9l\u00e9ments probants et port\u00e9e de chaque r\u00e9sultat.<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sources et observations<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Confrontation et interpr\u00e9tation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Dossiers, infractions et victimes d\u00e9signent-ils la m\u00eame chose ?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources et observations\">Manuel RNID v1.0, pages PDF 18\u201322 ; base municipale des infractions.<\/td><td data-label=\"Confrontation et interpr\u00e9tation\">Ce sont des unit\u00e9s distinctes. Les infractions sont additionn\u00e9es selon les modalit\u00e9s des sous-types, sans \u00eatre converties en victimes ou condamnations. Un homicide intentionnel enregistr\u00e9 ne correspond pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 une seule victime. Une autre question demanderait la base des victimes.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Le mois et la commune indiquent-ils le lieu du signalement ?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources et observations\">Manuel RNID : ouverture du dossier, commune de survenue et correction r\u00e9trospective.<\/td><td data-label=\"Confrontation et interpr\u00e9tation\">Le mois est celui de l\u2019ouverture, qui peut diff\u00e9rer des faits ; la commune est celle de survenue. La r\u00e9vision de septembre 2026 peut modifier des ann\u00e9es ant\u00e9rieures. Le mill\u00e9sime est conserv\u00e9 sans pr\u00e9senter la s\u00e9rie comme immuable.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Tout est-il devenu incompatible en 2026 ?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources et observations\">Note de comparaison historique, document complet ; homicide intentionnel et extorsion.<\/td><td data-label=\"Confrontation et interpr\u00e9tation\">La source autorise des continuit\u00e9s pr\u00e9cises, non une addition indistincte. Les tentatives sont exclues et chaque cat\u00e9gorie harmonis\u00e9e. Les ann\u00e9es compl\u00e8tes sont s\u00e9par\u00e9es de la comparaison janvier\u2013septembre. L\u2019ensemble du classement n\u2019est pas d\u00e9clar\u00e9 homog\u00e8ne.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">L\u2019intitul\u00e9 du manuel suffit-il pour extraire l\u2019extorsion ?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources et observations\">Note officielle et champs r\u00e9els du CSV RNID 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Confrontation et interpr\u00e9tation\">Le fichier r\u00e9partit l\u2019extorsion consomm\u00e9e entre deux sous-types : en pr\u00e9sence et par d\u2019autres moyens. Les deux sont additionn\u00e9s, les tentatives exclues. Confronter l\u2019explication \u00e0 la structure r\u00e9elle \u00e9vite de transformer un filtre vide en z\u00e9ro.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Une quantit\u00e9 plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e prouve-t-elle un risque sup\u00e9rieur ?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources et observations\">SESNSP municipal ; catalogue INEGI avec population du Recensement 2020.<\/td><td data-label=\"Confrontation et interpr\u00e9tation\">Population, mobilit\u00e9 et taille des enregistrements diff\u00e8rent. Aucun taux de 2026 n\u2019est calcul\u00e9 avec un d\u00e9nominateur de 2020. M\u00eame un taux correctement calcul\u00e9 serait administratif, non une probabilit\u00e9 individuelle ni un classement de dangerosit\u00e9.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">L\u2019ENVIPE peut-elle remplacer un chiffre communal ?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources et observations\">INEGI, protocole ENVIPE 2026 et r\u00e9sultats de Puebla et Veracruz, p. 13\u201314, 32\u201333 et 41.<\/td><td data-label=\"Confrontation et interpr\u00e9tation\">L\u2019enqu\u00eate estime les exp\u00e9riences d\u2019adultes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019un \u00c9tat et sur des p\u00e9riodes d\u00e9finies. Elle compl\u00e8te le registre avec une autre population et un autre champ. Ses pourcentages ne sont attribu\u00e9s ni \u00e0 Huehuetla, ni \u00e0 Papantla, ni aux autres communes du tableau.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Le chiffre noir permet-il de calculer le \u00ab total r\u00e9el \u00bb local ?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources et observations\">ENVIPE : 93,1 % Puebla et 96,3 % Veracruz ; infractions non signal\u00e9es, sans dossier et non pr\u00e9cis\u00e9es.<\/td><td data-label=\"Confrontation et interpr\u00e9tation\">Aucun facteur inverse n\u2019est appliqu\u00e9 aux donn\u00e9es municipales. Unit\u00e9s, infractions, \u00e2ges et espaces diff\u00e8rent. Le chiffre noir indique une limite de l\u2019enregistrement, sans fournir \u00e0 lui seul un estimateur valide de chaque cat\u00e9gorie locale.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Perception et victimation devraient-elles co\u00efncider ?<\/th><td data-label=\"Sources et observations\">ENVIPE : exp\u00e9riences de 2025 contre perception de f\u00e9vrier\u2013avril 2026, avec questions distinctes sur l\u2019\u00c9tat et le quartier ou la localit\u00e9.<\/td><td data-label=\"Confrontation et interpr\u00e9tation\">Ce ne sont pas des mesures rivales d\u2019une m\u00eame variable. Une personne peut se sentir en ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 sans avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 victime pendant la p\u00e9riode. Les dimensions se compl\u00e8tent ; l\u2019article n\u2019attribue pas une cause que l\u2019enqu\u00eate n\u2019identifie pas.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure><h3>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences et p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de lecture<\/h3><ol class=\"research-sources\"><li id=\"r07-fr-s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/sesnsp\/acciones-y-programas\/datos-abiertos-de-incidencia-delictiva?sta-te=published\">SESNSP \u00b7 Datos abiertos de incidencia delictiva \u00b7 corte septiembre 2026, publicaci\u00f3n 16.10.2026<\/a><br>Bases municipales 2015\u20132025, version de septembre 2026, et RNID janvier\u2013septembre 2026. Les CSV complets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 parcourus pour s\u00e9lectionner six codes ; agr\u00e9gation des modalit\u00e9s, et non des victimes.<\/li><li id=\"r07-fr-s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/1058582\/Manual_metodol_gico_RNID_V1.0_VF__2_.pdf\">SESNSP \u00b7 Manual metodol\u00f3gico RNID \u00b7 versi\u00f3n 1.0 \u00b7 febrero 2026<\/a><br>Pages PDF 1\u201312, 18\u201322 et 26\u201327 : unit\u00e9s, date d\u2019ouverture, commune de survenue, requalifications et versions statistiques publiques.<\/li><li id=\"r07-fr-s3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/1059821\/Nota_metodol_gica_comparaci_n_hist_rica_RNID.pdf\">SESNSP \u00b7 Nota metodol\u00f3gica sobre comparaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rica del RNID \u00b7 2026<\/a><br>Document complet de huit pages PDF : continuit\u00e9 de l\u2019homicide intentionnel et de l\u2019extorsion, exclusion des tentatives et r\u00e8gles pour les autres cat\u00e9gories. V\u00e9rification compl\u00e9mentaire des champs r\u00e9els du CSV.<\/li><li id=\"r07-fr-s4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/programas\/envipe\/2026\/doc\/envipe2026_pue.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 Principales resultados, Puebla \u00b7 10.09.2026<\/a><br>Pages PDF 13\u201314, 32\u201333 et 41 : incidence 2025, chiffre noir et perception 2026. Sections indiqu\u00e9es et fiche m\u00e9thodologique consult\u00e9es ; les 56 pages n\u2019ont pas toutes \u00e9t\u00e9 lues.<\/li><li id=\"r07-fr-s5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/programas\/envipe\/2026\/doc\/envipe2026_ver.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026 \u00b7 Principales resultados, Veracruz \u00b7 10.09.2026<\/a><br>Pages PDF 9, 13\u201314, 32\u201333 et 41\u201345 : victimes, infractions, chiffre noir et perception. Consultation \u00e9galement limit\u00e9e aux sections indiqu\u00e9es.<\/li><li id=\"r07-fr-s6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/envipe\/2026\/\">INEGI \u00b7 Encuesta Nacional de Victimizaci\u00f3n y Percepci\u00f3n sobre Seguridad P\u00fablica \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026<\/a><br>Enqu\u00eate probabiliste aupr\u00e8s des personnes de 18 ans ou plus, couverture nationale et par \u00c9tat ; victimation de 2025 et perception de f\u00e9vrier\u2013avril 2026.<\/li><li id=\"r07-fr-s7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gaia.inegi.org.mx\/wscatgeo\/v2\/mgem\/30124\">INEGI \u00b7 Cat\u00e1logo \u00danico de Claves Geoestad\u00edsticas \u00b7 referencia demogr\u00e1fica Censo 2020<\/a><br>Consultation des six codes municipaux. Les populations retourn\u00e9es correspondent \u00e0 2020 ; elles situent les ordres de grandeur, sans constituer des d\u00e9nominateurs actualis\u00e9s pour 2026.<\/li><\/ol><\/div><section class=\"iict-reading-source\" id=\"iict-reading-r07-fr-source\" lang=\"fr\"><h4>Le co\u00fbt d\u2019une sortie \u00e0 laquelle on renonce<\/h4><p>Le rapport national distingue d\u00e9penses pr\u00e9ventives et activit\u00e9s abandonn\u00e9es. Il compl\u00e8te les registres municipaux ; ses pourcentages ne s\u2019attribuent pas \u00e0 une municipalit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/saladeprensa\/boletines\/2026\/envipe\/ENVIPE2026_RR.pdf\">INEGI \u00b7 ENVIPE 2026, pp. 12\u201313 y 25, gr\u00e1fica 26<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"#iict-reading-r07-fr\">Revenir au passage<\/a><\/p><\/section>\n<\/details><nav class=\"research-related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1225#research-hub-fr\">Retour aux Recherches sur le Totonacapan \u2192<\/a><\/nav><p class=\"research-version\">\u00c9dition documentaire \u00b7 ES \/ EN \/ FR \u00b7 05.11.2026 \u00b7 v1.0<\/p><!-- IICT-CITE R07 fr --><aside class=\"iict-citation\" id=\"citar-r07-fr\" aria-labelledby=\"citar-r07-fr-title\"><h2 id=\"citar-r07-fr-title\">Comment citer cet article<\/h2><p class=\"iict-citation-label\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence bibliographique propos\u00e9e<\/p><blockquote class=\"iict-citation-reference\">Instituto Internacional de Cultura del Totonacapan. \u00abS\u00e9curit\u00e9 quotidienne et vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s : ce que les donn\u00e9es permettent de dire\u00bb. <cite>Cahiers de recherche<\/cite>, <strong>R07<\/strong>. The Integral Management Society (IMSV). <a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1294#r07-fr\">https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1294#r07-fr<\/a>.<\/blockquote><p><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence interne:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1294#r07-fr\">R07<\/a>. Pour un passage pr\u00e9cis, ajoutez le titre de sa section.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/?page_id=1225#normas-citacion-fr\">R\u00e8gles de citation de l\u2019Institut \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/aside><!-- \/IICT-CITE R07 fr --><\/article><\/details><\/div><script>(function(){function o(){var t=document.getElementById(decodeURIComponent(location.hash.slice(1)));if(!t)return;var p=t;while(p){if(p.tagName===\"DETAILS\")p.open=true;p=p.parentElement;}requestAnimationFrame(function(){t.scrollIntoView({block:\"start\"});});}addEventListener(\"hashchange\",o);o();})();<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Espa\u00f1olEnglish \u00b7 full articleFran\u00e7ais \u00b7 article int\u00e9gral Investigaciones del Totonacapan \u00b7 La regi\u00f3n que vive hoy Seguridad cotidiana y vulnerabilidades: lo que los datos permiten decir Registros, experiencias y percepciones: tres formas de observar la seguridad sin confundirlas ni convertir los municipios en un ranking. En pocas palabras La seguridad se vive al salir de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":1225,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1294","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1294"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1651,"href":"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1294\/revisions\/1651"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1225"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/totonacapan.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}